CADRUL TEORETIC ŞI METODOLOGIC DE ANALIZĂ
AL PROCESULUI DE RESTRUCTURARE URBANĂ SPECIFIC ORAŞULUI ROMÂNESC POST-SOCIALIST
Asist.univ.dr. Ioan Sebastian JUCU*)
*) Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara, Departamentul de Geografie, 300115, Str. I.H. Pestalozzi, nr. 16, Timişoara. E-mail:
sebajucu@yahoo.com
Theoretical and methodological framework for analysis the urban restructuring from
Romanian post-socialist city. This article examines the process of urban restructuring from theoretical and methodological perspectives with the aim to define a general scientific background for further research of the urban dynamics focused on the Romanian cities and towns during the post-socialist period. After the collapse registered by the totalitarian regime from Romania, the evolution of the urban settlements from this country was directly influenced by the distinctive mechanisms of the market economy. Until the integration moment in the new economic system, the cities and towns from Romania supported many efforts to adapt to the transition as well as to the new frameworks of the political and economic field. The old components, structures and functionalities of the urban settlements often support many changes reflected both in the dynamics of them as well as in their structural organization and landscapes. What is urban restructuring and how it is manifested within the human communities? Who are the main factors which influence this process? Which are the expressive components which it deals with? Which are the appropriate scientific methods for the objective analysis of this process? How can be designed the methodological flow in correctly approaching the urban restructuring? All these are just some questions set on this paper which we intend to answer in order to create a synthetic framework for analyzing, both quantitative and qualitative, the main changes undergone after 1990 in the Romanian cities and towns. Moreover, this work calls for reflection, providing some new starting points for new approaches which are able to complete this general framework focused on the urban restructuring process.
Key words: urban restructuring, deindustrialization, reindustrialization, urban regeneration, urban settlements, post-socialist period, Romania.
Definirea conceptului de restructurare urbană: sensuri şi implicaţii în analiza spaţiului urban
În literatura geografică de specialitate din România, conceptul de restructurare urbană nu este foarte
frecvent întâlnit, din cel puţin două raţiuni distincte: prima este asumată de caracterul de noutate al acestuia, manifestarea sa devenind comună în cadrul oraşelor româneşti abia după 1990; cea de a doua este generată de complexitatea procesului şi de dinamica specifică a oraşelor din România în contextul tranziţiei economice şi, bineînţeles, a eforturilor de integrare al acestora în sistemul global al economiei de piaţă.
Dificultăţile pe care oraşele româneşti le-au întâmpinat după căderea regimului socialist au favorizat
apariţia şi individualizarea unor evoluţii complicate, contrastante şi timide în concordanţă cu mersul firesc al altor sisteme urbane specifice economiilor capitaliste. Transformările haotice, caracterul de pionierat al unor demersuri politice şi economice, conservatorismul şi configurarea unor politici şi, implicit, a unui management care nu erau pregătite să facă faţă complexităţii teritoriale în dinamica sa de a trece de la sistemul centralizat la cel specific economiei de piaţă au contribuit, cumulat, la ridicarea gradului de
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