Trans RINA, Vol 156, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan - Dec 2014
Figure 1: Stakeholder involvement in design process
on board it became clear the console design did not meet all requirements set by clients and Damen Shipyards. In this chapter the improved design of the standard harbour tug console design case is described.
3.1 3.1(a)
DATA ACQUISITION Stakeholders
A lifecycle analysis was made to investigate which stakeholders could be valuable for the design process. Representatives for each element in the console’s lifecycle were invited to join and elaborate on their individual needs and wishes. All treated on the same
stakeholders were level, making their individual
opinions weigh the same. The list of stakeholders in this console design project included:
Captains (primary end user) Crew (end user) Fabricators (user) Installers (user) Project management (also incorporate client)
Each of these stakeholders had a dedicated place in the process. This was based on their expertise needed by the designers, without limiting the designers in their creative process. Figure 1 describes the influence of each stakeholder in the different parts of the design process.
3.1 (b) Qualitative research
The end users, fabricators and installers were interviewed at the start of the design process to acquire design parameter data. All
separate interviews. Additionally, the working operation of different
stakeholders were questioned in sailing and
harbour tugs was
observed. Also, active focus groups were organised to reveal the tacit and latent wishes and demands (figure 2).
Focus groups as a research methodology originate from social sciences. The method thrives on open discussion, facilitated by a designer, and is particularly useful for exploring people's knowledge and experiences. It can be used to examine not only what people think, but how they think and why they think that way [9].
©2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
For the end users this means the console needs to be orderly laid out, with clustered functions to reduce the time searching for buttons. Since towing and tugging is a ‘full contact sport’, clear vision of the working area outside is a hard demand. This clear vision ideally is 360 degrees around the vessel on a horizontal plane and 180 degrees on vertical plane. Harbour tugs sail forward as much as backward and tend to navigate at speed closely under the bow flare of subject vessels. The vision is
C-57 This
Figure 2: Focus group during console design project The complete qualitative research consisted of:
6 captain interviews 6 crew member interviews 3 fabricator interviews 5 installer interviews 6 observational sessions on board tugs 2 observational sessions with pilots (observing the towing procedure from a high viewpoint) 2 focus groups with 6 users
led to a sound understanding of how a tug is
actually being used. It became clear the harbour tug console is the nerve centre of the vessel. Highly demanding tasks and decisions are being made here, the quality of the console and comfort in use supports in creating a stress-free environment.
During harbour towing, the consoles are operated by two users: firstly the captain, who is sailing the vessel and ensuring the perfect angle of his vessel in the situation, and secondly the winch controller. His task is to control the winch operation and therefore needs to monitor the outside conditions and winch operation information. Both captain and winch controller work closely together to safely tow a vessel to berth.
Communication on board a tug is vital. Especially during the operation of assisting a subject vessel, communication takes place in various ways between various actors. Figure 3 describes the communication lines in a schematic overview. The complexity of the communication makes it necessary that each user knows how to communicate with each party. The verbal communication itself should be clear as well, since large parts of the complete towing operation happen out of sight for some of the actors.
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