Trans RINA, Vol 156, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan –Dec 2014
adopting worse case scenarios and guidance from HVAC sizing standards such as the ISO 7547 [33] has heavily influenced these parameters including thermal properties of
external indicated in table 2.
Images 1, 2 and 3, indicate the varying room dimension and geometry explored within this study. The importance of geometrical elements such as ceiling height and room depth are further discussed in standards such as the BS EN 15193:2007 [34], which is used in evaluating the energy requirements of lighting schemes. In addition this code outlines the maximum daylight area as a function of the height of lintel above the floor and the height of task area. The importance of these parameters is supported in the works of [28] which establishes the significance of ceiling height as well as partition height within the daylit area. Although not approached within this study the geometrical and weight constrains provide significant confines to the installation and effectiveness of daylight harvesting techniques within the context of cruise ship interior geometry.
Construction Wall (exterior) Floor
Ceiling
U value (W-m2K) 0.60 0.34 0.34
Window 1.6 Window Frame
0.6 Table 2 Construction characteristics
Heating Set point
Cooling set point
Humidity Control
Lighting Power density (Wm2/ 100 lux)
Lighting Level (lux)
Internal Gains (W/m2)
Occupancy (people/m2)
Height (m) (Floor to ceiling)
Cabin Zones 22
26
Day/Lounge Zones 22
24 3.30
Dining Zones 23
25
35% 50% 35% - 50% 35% - 50% 3.30
3.30 walls, ceilings, floors and windows as
In some instances it was found through 2D finite element analysis using THERM, that the linear thermal bridges occurred within the outermost wall of the façade, due to balcony fixtures, cantilever structures
and window
frames. Although not accounted for in the primary thermal model of this study it is worth noting that they can significantly contribute to thermal losses and gains. Addressing this matter could result in savings of 8.5%, if corrected properly [35] and can be easily modelled using a 3D finite element analysis programme. As the auxiliary loads are reduced, such factors begin to represent a larger concern and as such are heavily criticized within interventions
such as the Passive House
2.3 INTERIOR DESIGN AND SURFACE PROPERTIES
Although structural the
and fabric
significant role in the thermal performance of a zone as addressed in
previous section,
properties have a Inner surface
reflectance, being within the domain of the interior designer, has been shown to influence the reflection of natural and artificial light within a space [37]. This has as much to do with the rooms appearance as it does its energy performance [38]. This may not be fully realised in projects that have a low level
of design driven
integration [4]. Extensive studies have been conducted in this area identifying the importance of partition, ceiling [29] and furniture reflectance [39] and are considered in such standards as the BS EN 15193:2007 [34].
The relationship of surface absorbance and reflectance will be analysed through readings produced by photo sensors placed at equally distant (1.5m) locations within the all three room types. The parametric tools employed within the study allow for the exploration of these parameters in accordance reflectance in
previous and current
to the suggested surface lighting code
guidelines; the significance of which will be discussed within the data analysis. Daylight maps (figures 1, 2 and 3) produced under the CIE (International Commission on illumination)
overcast sky condition allows
150 3.15
0.094
Depth(m) 6 Width(m)
3 2.15 300 11.17
0.110 6
9 2.15 200 18.88
0.2 9
20 2.15 Table 3: Simulation details for the three test zones
Surface Wall
Ceiling Floor
2009 SLL code lower limit 0.3 0.6 0.1
Balcony Floor 0.4 Side Fins
0.4 Overhang 0.4
2012 SLL codes upper limit 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
Table 4 Advised reflectance of surfaces [38] for
estimation of natural lighting potential and behaviour. This information has been used to determine the position of sensors within the test geometry.
Planning
Package (PHPP) – a leading building standard for energy efficient homes [36].
C-100
©2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188