Trans RINA, Vol 156, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan - Dec 2014
to explore a number of variables as illustrated in figure 6 and allows the simulation of these variables in parallel making the simulation of over 10 000 design alternatives, trivial [49] .The use of different zone types as defined in table 3, has allowed the exploration of interior form for differing space requirements, with varying perimeter and floor areas. The objective was to explore if some room types could benefit more than others from a daylight harvesting scheme.
that this zone is least able to harvest daylight and thus the a reduction in lighting gains, at the idealized glazing percentage of 20% with a 1.5m shading overhang is only 9.8%, from a simple occupancy based lighting control strategy (illustrated in figure 7). In addition to this because of the generalized occupancy schedule and the likely implication of human interaction on the lighting system, the total lighting load can only be predicted from the perspective of a completely automated lighting control system. Governed from the photometer readings in the darkest months in terms of outside lux, illustrated in figure 8,
as
Figure 7. South facing Cabin Zone Shade with 1.5m balcony overhang, in Barcelona,
Figure 6: Schematic of parameters tree 3.
RESULTS ANALYSIS
Matlab was used to analyse the data. Sensible heating and cooling loads were compared with artificial lighting loads, as a function of glazing percentage. Invariably cooling and heating loads increased with increasing glazing percentages, especially when the glazing type had a ‘u’ factor above that of the main wall façade. In this case an increase in glazing percentage resulted in an increase in the total energy required to acquire thermal comfort. Countering this effect was the potential gain in daylight harvesting which decreases the total energy of the design in comparison to a conventional occupant control lighting scheme. This analysis process identified the best design in terms of glazing percentage for a given location and orientation.
3.1 CABIN ZONES
The cabin has been given an occupancy schedule in accordance to data obtained from hotel rooms and itinerary information provided by a cruise ship operator, which deduced that this room is the least occupied during daylight hours. Having a low day time occupancy means
Due to daylight lighting levels being well above the required lighting level, it is plausible that the occupant would not require any ambient lighting, relinquishing its use and thus increasing the importance of task lighting such as reading lights and desk lamps. Decorative lighting, an important and growing design medium, for wall washing and perimeter enhancement may also have an impact on the perceived lighting level in a relatively small space such as the cabin. Further Emotional Design research would be required to determine the requirements of
lighting in this area and their contribution to the
perceived visual comfort of the room. However, as the lighting load only attributes to 19.87% of the total energy consumption of the aforementioned case,
it’s apparent
that greater energy reductions would be achieved through the application of effective shading due to the cooling load, which constitutes 63.97% of the annual total loads. This is shown in the case illustrated
in figure x,
compared to the same design with no shading device an overhang of 1.5m has a significant effect on the cooling load. An overhang larger than this seems to have a small influence on global loads as a stabilization of cooling and heating loads occurs. In this instance an understanding of solar geometry reveals that this configuration prevents direct solar gain and correlates to the angle of incidence. For larger glazing percentages a larger shading device would be required. The design of which would be determined by the solar geometry and the solar incidence
© 2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects C-103
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