Trans RINA, Vol 156, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan - Dec 2014 ENABLING A SERVICE DESIGN PERSPECTIVE ON SHIP DESIGN
E Gernez, DNV GL, Norway K Nordby and B Sevaldson, The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Norway (DOI No: 10.3940/rina.ijmd.2014.c1.24)
SUMMARY
Ship design is a collaborative exercise that involves many participants from numerous disciplines, who are expected to manage a demanding set of requirements with a broad range of possible design outcomes. It is then usually a challenge to connect several highly specialised experts, each bringing their own perspective and tools, into a collective exploration of the design space. The success of ship design projects directly depends on the coordination of, and the cooperation between, the participants. In this paper, we propose a user-centered perspective for ship design: which actors are involved throughout the entire process, in what environments do they meet and work together, what type of information do they exchange, what tools are they using to exchange this information, and what value is created through these exchanges? Existing practices in ship design are reviewed, based on literature and interview surveys, and new user- centered processes and tools are proposed and discussed.
1. INTRODUCTION
This research draws on experience from participation in ship design related projects as a consultant for DNV GL Maritime Advisory. This included assistance in shaping the initial ship design outline, developing a strategy to select a shipyard, ship design optimisation, retrofit of existing
design and operational and ship support. designer from the Other
participants in these projects included an approval engineer from the classification society, a new build manager
company and shipyards, an independent ship designer, engineers in hydrodynamics, structure,
ship-owning systems and
machinery, a model basin technician, a technology supplier and navigating crew. The ship types considered are all commercial vessels, ranging from standard “off- the-shelf” designs to custom designs.
A recent collaboration with the School of Architecture and Design (AHO) triggered the initiation of a 3-year PhD research project to examine ship design processes and tools in depth. The
research drew upon AHO
expertise in user-centered design (UCD), as applied to the Maritime Oil and Gas industry [1-3]. In this paper, we present the preliminary work conducted so far, and outline further research needs.
Firstly, a service design perspective on ship design is introduced, and this is used to review and comment on existing ship design practices (processes and tools). New processes and tools are then proposed and discussed, before we draw our conclusions.
2. A SERVICE DESIGN PERSPECTIVE ON SHIP DESIGN
2.1 PRESENTATION 2.1 (b) Touch-points
Emerging from UCD, service design is a relatively young design discipline, although it is already in use in many service-based industries [4]. The primary goal of service design is improve the experience of the actors of a given
Touch-points are all the meeting points between the actors throughout the ship design process. For example, a meeting at the ship owner’s office with the new build
As mentioned in the introduction, the actors involved in a ship design process are numerous and diverse. Each actor usually has their own agenda, resources and limitations. All
together, they form a complex actor network, for
which it is necessary to identify the drivers in terms of information creation, decision-making and economic power, to enable the process to go forward. The addition of a layer of multi-cultural exchange (e.g. when a Russian captain is commanding a ship flagged in Panama with a crew from the Philippines, a Norwegian owner and a South Korean designer and builder) makes the exchanges in the network even more complex. The goal of service design is to make these exchanges a great experience for each one of the actors.
service, defining actors as all the participants involved in the making, offering and receiving of the service. In this context, ship design is viewed as a service offered to someone who needs a ship (e.g. a ship owner, who, in turn, is capable of offering a transport service with the ship), and in which the actors are all the participants in a ship design project; in a wide perspective, this also includes building, operation and decommissioning. The experience of
the service users is defined as how
enjoyable, rewarding, satisfying, time and cost-effective, satisfactory at upholding certain quality standards, etc., the ship design process has been, depending on the considered actor.
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time the principles of service design have been applied to ship design. The main principles are briefly outlined below, and have been freely adapted from the service design method as taught at AHO [5].
2.1 (a) Actors
©2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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