Trans RINA, Vol 156, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan - Dec 2014
Considering in the above case, an overhang of 1.5m however, would help to reduce cooling loads by 6.1% assuming a linear/off lighting control scheme in the hottest climate of Cairo.
Overall the comparative analysis indicates that the effects of daylight harvesting are greater when the lighting demand more closely relates to the cooling load. This can be achieved by increasing the overhang depth of the shading device as in the cabin zone, where by a reduction in cooling loads is observed due to the obstruction of direct solar gain, consequently the lighting loads represent a larger portion of the global energy loads for that zone. This is particularly poignant when considering day/lounge zones where by the inclusion of an overhang further reduces thermal loads whilst a negligible effecting natural lighting potential. Consequently the incorporation of passive strategies and the reduction of thermal loads increase the importance of natural lighting schemes. In summary it can be seen that natural light harvesting can be implemented in all zones considered, but only benefit’s zones that have a high daytime occupancy
and high lighting requirements. Where
lighting behaves as a primary internal heat gain source. 4. INTEGRATION & INTERIOR DESIGN
The study identifies the importance of both room geometry and glazing size with interior reflectance providing a significant role in the support of both a natural and artificial lighting scheme and agrees with the findings of [28] that ceiling height and reflectance plays fundamental roles in the penetration of daylight into deeper rooms. These principles have been exercised in a small interior design project that adopts the benefits of natural lighting and the concept of a perfect window size such that both lounge dinning and cabin areas can better utilize daylighting potential as a passive means of reducing overall energy consumption.
In order to adopt these principles compromises have had to be made between glazing geometry, function and user experience
of a given interior zone. Due to the
exploratory nature of the methodology which fits well within the scope of the concept stage of design, the benefits and disadvantages of a design decision can be made detailing its energy deficit in comparison to other design alternatives. An example of this is the concept development of the dining and lounge areas of a case study cruise ship; where by the ideal glazing percentage suggested by the methodology presented in this paper, is too small for sitting guests. A compromise therefore has been met which engages ergonomic requirements by firstly increasing the size of the
proposed glazing
percentage such that a seated passenger can have an unobstructed view of the ocean. To minimize the need for larger glazing sizes the bottom half of the interior wall is made to look like an extension of the window, by retrofitting the bottom wall section with venetian blinds. To support this strategy both window frames, walls and
ceilings have adopted colours and finishes that increase the average reflectance of the interiors which makes better use of the available natural light and
provides a
light and airy appearance. A schematic representation of the dining room is shown in Figure 29.
To smooth the transition between day and night time
lighting the venetian blinds form an important role in the evening lighting scheme, by adjusting the mood and ambient lighting levels by using strip LED technology, and compact fluorescent lamps with efficient luminaries to adjust the perceived mood of the space. Simply using effective lighting technology, control strategies and efficient luminares can result in longer life expectancy of the lamp as well as reducing its consumption and radiative and convective heat loses [37]. Another strategy adopted in this area has been to also use tables and chairs that do not have fully dressing table
clothes, with
minimal leg support structure and high gloss undersides that also help to reflect natural lighting further into the area as well as maintain a fresh appearance. The later technique would
knowledge
modules with a fine mesh to estimate the effects. However,
lighting in combination with a automated lighting control systems offers a significant energy saving.
require additional light simulation of the importance of natural
Figure 28 Dining zone and the intersection between day and evening areas
© 2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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