Trans RINA, Vol 156, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan -Dec2014
or soft-touch surfaces) or macro (the introduction of deep textural surfaces). Texture may be created by the material itself, the form the material is given (pattern), or by joints (such as mortar in brickwork) creating a textural array. Haptic surfaces may be patterned or random. Of course, textural elements can cause difficulties – they can (if allowed) become havens for dirt and microorganisms and so must be used appropriately.
‘The current revival of ornamental forms and patterned surfaces can be justified in view of the new technological opportunities.’ Christiane Sauer [20]
Continued advances in CNC (Computer Numerical
Controlled) technologies are allowing us to mill, cut and etch materials in low volumes, affordably and at speed. This allows elements.
architects to create bespoke textural
The two previous figures, show two three-dimensional surfaces designed at different scales, with different sensibilities: Herzog and de Meuron’s Forum in Barcelona (Figure 15) is rendered in a rich pigmented shotcrete giving the angular building a soft organic surface, whereas the façade of Paul Smith’s boutique at 11 Albemarle street
(Figure 16) is altogether more
industrial; comprising of patterned cast iron panels – a manufacturing technique from the industrial revolution re-harnessed in the computer age.
3.2(d) Tessellation
Tessellation has been employed to build architectural structures for centuries. The humble brick is a regularly tessellating element but it can also be halved, cut at an angle, or skilfully mortared to create much more than a linear surface. Unfortunately, we don’t always want our elements to be of identical size or shape. Until relatively recently, the cost and engineering complexity of using unique elements in architecture was prohibitive, but advances
in computer technology
structures possible. Zaha Hadid’s
have made such controversial Heydar Aliyev Centre
(Figure 17) achieves flowing smooth white surfaces, with irregularly tessellating Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester (GFRP) panels. The contour mesh pattern created by these panels allows the viewer to read the form of the building, dividing its vast whiteness.
Figure 15: Micro/Random – Forum, Barcelona (2004) by Herzog & de Meuron [21]
Figure 17: Heydar Aliyev Centre, Baku, Azerbaijan by Zaha Hadid Architects [23] 3.2(e)
Active
There are constant movements in architecture towards the technological. The powered surface is becoming prevalent, drawing current and outputting light, sound or movement. Though these surfaces
Figure 16: Macro/Patterned – 11 Albemarle Street by 6a Architects [22]
C-46
are predominantly
decorative, they can also be used to relay information. The control of these surfaces can be automatic, sensitive
©2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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