Marine Design, 3-4 September 2014, Coventry, UK
designer [21, 24]. Finally, research exists describing the reconstruction of a 3D model from 2D drawings, using the STEP protocol [25], which allows a transition to the detailed design phase.
4.3 A GENERIC SHIP MODEL
Is there a simple ship model that can contain all the information necessary to describe the status of a ship, from a very abstract object (step 1: Need for a ship?) to a very complex, operational object (steps 4-5: building and operation) formed of up to a million pieces [26], ending up as an inert steel structure with hazardous material (step 6: Decommissioning)?
Parametric ship models are now commonly used, in design optimisation, for example [14], to encapsulate mostly geometric and structural information, such as the 3D shape of a hull (the position of each individual surface point) into a few parameters (from individual points to characteristic lines, to defining surfaces). Product Lifecycle Models (PLM) are more comprehensive, adding information regarding systems on board, and, most importantly, adding the dimension of time, enabling concurrent engineering at any step of the process [27]. However, the use of PLM models requires a very complex software infrastructure, and is primarily used for navy applications (design of warships); only a few shipyards are using them. Something simpler, with a radically different architecture, is needed. As a vision, we propose an architecture similar to Google Earth, where the fundamental layer is a 3D shape (a globe) on top of which any type of information (pictures, videos, sounds, user comments, measured or predicted data [28]) can be layered by geo-referencing. In addition to space, the dimension of time can be added in the new Google Earth Engine. In our vision, we see the ship as the fundamental 3D-shaped layer, with the possibility of geo-referencing different hull-shape variations or cargo hold arrangements at the design stage, and including observations from, for example, hull inspection surveys during the operation stage. The ambition is to develop a layer-by-layer increment in the functionality and uses of such a “generic ship model”, again inspired by how Google Earth and Google Maps have evolved throughout the years, in order to control the development costs and ensure that this tool has the functionality and interactivity required by the users.
4.4 A DESIGN SIMULATOR
Finally, we conclude this section on sketching future tools for ship design with the vision of a “design simulator”. This vision has emerged from the research of UCD designers from AHO, who are involved in re- designing the bridge of an offshore supply vessel [1, 29]. As UCD designers must “design in context”, that is, conduct their design research in the environment for which they are designing, as much as possible [30], a number of field trips to offshore supply vessels have
been carried out (totalling 2000 hours of immersion in offshore vessel bridges), and many hours have also been spent in bridge simulators. The UCD designers then built a mock-up of a ship bridge in their lab, to allow direct testing of their ideas (a new type of information display, haptic and vocal control;
three patents pending), in
context, and very quickly reach a proof-of-concept. The lab is shown in Figure 4, below.
Figure 4: design research lab at AHO – bridge mock-up
Figure 5: Simulated emergency scenario in the fjord of Oslo – view from the passenger who had to jump into the water to reach a life raft. [2]
Figure 6: same as above, but the perspective is changed to that of the helicopter co-pilot.
©2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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