Giant’s Causeway 39 glaciers 157
glacial deposition 164–5 glacial erosion 159 glacial meltwater 167 glaciated valley 159, 160, 169
Glendalough 160, 169 gley soil 231
global climate change 214 global warming 214 threats to wildlife 222–3 globalisation 244, 387–8, 413–20 cultural 414 economic 415
and human development 419 and Ireland population 417 political 416
and settlement in Ireland 417 Gold Mines river (Wicklow) 49 gold, in Ireland 47, 48 panning for 47–8
granite 39 Great Famine 247 greenhouse effect 217–19 greenhouse gases 216 human effect 218
grikes 110
gross domestic product (GDP) 382 groynes 150
Guinness – case study 363 Gulf Stream 205
H
hanging valley 159 hardpan (soil) 229 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince 371
headlands 142 heavy industry 359
historical settlement on OS maps 297 human development 392–5 technology and 400 human development aid 394 see also aid
Human Development Index (HDI) 393–4
humidity 185 humification 229 Hurricane Matthew 2016 195–8 economic and social impacts 196–7 emergency response 197 hurricanes 194 categories 195
hydraulic action (erosion) 126, 141 hydrocarbons 56 hygrometer 185, 186
I ice
ice cores 213 melting 220 transportation and deposition 163
Iceland 13 igneous rocks 36, 37, 39 rock formation 39
immigration 303 Industrial Development Agency (IDA) 358
industrial estates 357 industry location 355–7, 363 infographics 291 interglacial periods 158 interlocking spurs 129
International Monetory Fund (IMF) 395
Ireland
airports and ports 374 bogs, exploitation of 59–60 climate factors 205–10 forestry value 348 geological map 38 multinational corporations, effects of – study 420 oil, reliance on 57 oil and gas deposits 56, 57 population 248–9 renewable energy resources 63 road network 376 solar energy 64 structure of farming 350 sustainable exploitation of fish 339 of forestry 345–8 of water 337 sustainable fishing 342–3 tourism 370
and the physical landscape 377 sustainable tourism 378 and transport 374–7 wind energy 65
Ireland’s physical landscape and tourism – study 371–3
Ireland and Nigeria education 406
employment opportunities 407–9 gender equality/inequality 407 and employment opportunities 410
and income levels 410 healthcare 404–5 youth unemployment 411
Irish Aid 396–9 and Young Scientist Kenya (YSK) – case study 399
and human development 398 Irish gold 47–8 Irish Water 337 irrigation 332–6
irrigation in New Zealand 332–4 K
karst landscapes 108–10 L
lagoon 148 landscape, physical see physical
landscape landslide 120 latitude 207 lava 9
leaching (soil) 228–9
less economically developed countries (LEDCs) 381
levees 132 life chances, Ireland and Nigeria 404–11
life expectancy, average 382 light industry 359 Limerick City map/photo 284, 285 limestone 40, 40 limestone cave 112 limestone pavements 110 line graphs 290 load (sea) 145 longshore drift 145
M magma 3, 4, 9
Mallow flooding/flood relief scheme 135–7
mantle, earth’s 3
Mao County landslide – case study 120, 120, 121
maps
calculating map areas 75 colour coding 82 contours 82 scale 70 sketch maps 86 slope (OS maps) 83 spot heights 82
marble 41 Margiris super-trawler 339 marram grass 147 mass movement, causes 116 Maynooth 283 McCrudden, Edelle, migration – case study 259–60 meanders (in rivers) 131 mechanical weathering 106 Mediterranean case study 368–70 climate and tourism 368–9 tourism
and the physical landscape 370 sustainable tourism 378 and transport 369
Met Éireann 175 metamorphic rocks 36, 37, 41 methane 218 Mid-Atlantic Ridge 6, 11, 12 mid-ocean ridge 9, 11 migration
globalisation and 263–4 internal/international 254 push and pull factors 256 rural/urban 303–4
millibars 177
minerals 35 mining
Irish numbers 45 shaft mining 44
Mocoa mudslide – case study 118 moment magnitude scale (MMS) 22 moraines 164
more economically developed coun- tries (MEDCs) 381
motorways 376 mudflow 118 multi-ethnic society 264 multilateral aid 395 multinational corporation (MNC) 359, 387, 388, 415, 417
N National Grid 76
national primary/secondary roads 376 natural resources 43, 329 renewable/non-renewable 330 rocks 43
Nepal earthquake (2015) – case study 23, 24
network factors and migration 263 New Zealand, sustainable exploitation of water 334–6 Nigeria
slave trade 249–50 population 249–51 see also Ireland and Nigeria
nitrous oxide 219
non-governmental organisation (NGO) aid 394, 395
Norman settlement in Ireland 138 North Atlantic Current/drift see Gulf Stream
North Bull Island 151–3, 152 Northern Ireland 372
O
oblique photographs 268–9 oceanic crust 3 oil, exploitation of 54 okta scale 182
OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 54
Ordnance Survey (OS) locating areas 76
Ordnance Survey (OS) map 69–70, 76–9
altitude/height 82 Athlone 79 Aviva Stadium 103 Bundoran 101 cross-sections 85 drainage 90–1, 92 Drogheda area 98 grid references 77–8 Killarney area 74 Macroom area 81 Naas and Sallins area 93 recreation and tourism 100
423
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