64 HYGIENE
TABLE 1: MIC OF NATPRO 8000 AGAINST THE SIX MOST COMMON MICROBES THAT CAUSE COSMETIC FORMULATION SPOILAGE. THE MICRODILUTION METHOD WAS EMPLOYED IN THIS STUDY
Concentration
2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.7% 0.5% 0%
Bacillus sp. from cosmetics
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generated numerous concerns. Extending beyond personal care, the
preservation of cosmetics and personal care products is predicated on reliable solutions to combat microbial contamination. Synthetic preservatives, while effective, face challenges regarding safety and environmental impact. Natural alternatives have gained traction,
fueled by consumer demand for eco-friendly and skin-friendly options. The coconut- derived antimicrobial active exemplifies the advancement in this field, offering a potent and clinically tested solution for cosmetic and personal care preservation.
Antimicrobial activity: Mechanism of action The natural coconut-derived antimicrobial active works by disrupting the cellular membranes of microorganisms. It targets the lipid bilayer, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity and function of microbial cells. Upon contact, the coconut-derived antimicrobial active penetrates the cell membrane, leading to a leakage of essential cellular components. This disruption severely compromises
the microorganism’s ability to survive and replicate, ultimately leading to its decomposition. The active’s mechanism is effective against a broad spectrum of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and even some viruses. Notably, the coconut-derived antimicrobial
active not only inhibits the growth of these microorganisms but also eradicates existing populations. When applied to cosmetic and personal care products, it ensures that harmful microbes are neutralized, preventing spoilage and contamination. This eradication mechanism is particularly crucial for products that come into direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes, as it provides an additional layer of safety and protection for consumers. Another remarkable aspect of the
coconut-derived antimicrobial active is its resilience against microbial resistance. Unlike some synthetic preservatives that may lose effectiveness over time due to microbial adaptation and resistance, the coconut- derived antimicrobial active’s natural mode of action presents a greater challenge for microbes to develop resistance. As a result, the active remains potent and reliable, even after extended use in
PERSONAL CARE October 2023
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S. Aureus
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E. Coli
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K. pneumoniea
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cosmetic formulations. This characteristic sets it apart from certain synthetic alternatives and ensures long-term product stability and efficacy. In addition to its mode of action, the
coconut-derived antimicrobial active showcases an intriguing pH imbalance effect that contributes to its antimicrobial potency. This effect is attributed to the presence of aqualoglyceroproteins within the microbial cell membrane, which play a pivotal role in the recognition of monoglycerides as ‘glycerine’. This recognition, in turn, facilitates the seamless entry of monoglycerides into the microbial cell. Once inside the cytoplasm, these
monoglycerides undergo hydrolysis, transforming into fatty acids. This biochemical reaction has a fascinating consequence: it disrupts the pH equilibrium within the microbial cell, rendering it non-physiological. The shift in pH creates an unfavourable environment for the microorganism, hindering its ability to function optimally and promoting its susceptibility to antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, the coconut-derived
antimicrobial active employs another ingenious mechanism known as aqualoglyceroprotein blockage. In cases involving longer-chain monoglycerides, their interaction with aqualoglyceroproteins within the microbial cell membrane is irreversible. This leads to the depletion of glycerin for the microbial cell. Glycerin is an essential component for cellular processes, and its deprivation severely compromises the microorganism’s viability and functionality. The combination of these mechanisms
showcases the multi-pronged approach of the coconut-derived antimicrobial active. Its ability to disrupt pH equilibrium and interfere with aqualoglyceroproteins reinforces its efficacy in hindering microbial growth. This dual-action mechanism not only highlights the active’s potential as a potent antimicrobial agent but also stresses the intricate strategies nature employs to combat microbial activity.
Clinical study of antimicrobial activity
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the coconut-derived antimicrobial active was established through the implementation of the dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, in accordance with the guidelines provided by the Clinical &
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E. aerogenes
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C. albicans
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Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The obtained results, as displayed in Table 1, shed light on the active’s efficacy against a range of microorganisms. Table 1 shows that, at a concentration
of 0.5%, the coconut-derived antimicrobial active is remarkably effective at inhibiting the growth of various microorganisms. These encompass Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Candida albicans and Bacillus species. Notably, these microorganisms are frequently encountered in cosmetic and personal care products, making them pertinent targets for effective antimicrobial action. In conclusion, the MIC results obtained
through dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing illustrate that the coconut-derived antimicrobial active at 0.5% concentration is capable of inhibiting several prevalent microorganisms in cosmetic and personal care products. This finding accentuates the active’s potential to serve as a reliable and robust preservation solution, ensuring the safety and quality of a variety of cosmetic applications.
Coconut-derived antimicrobial active bactericidal efficacy The potency of the coconut-derived antimicrobial active as an antibacterial agent is determined by its ability to effectively eliminate bacteria. Bactericidal agents are those that can eradicate bacteria, and their potency is often evaluated based on the relationship between the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the MIC. In the case of the coconut-derived
antimicrobial active, if the MBC is no more than four times the MIC or lower than 4%, it is categorized as bactericidal. Calculating the ratio of the minimum bactericidal count to the minimum inhibitory count allows us to assess its bactericidal potential. For instance, when applied to
E.coli,
the coconut-derived antimicrobial active demonstrated an inhibitory concentration of 1.25%. This value signifies that the MBC is notably lower than four times the MIC or 4%, indicating a bactericidal effect against
E.coli. The calculated ratio emphasizes the active’s capability to efficiently eradicate
E.coli bacteria at a concentration that ensures their elimination rather than mere inhibition. This finding reinforces the coconut-
derived antimicrobial active’s potential as
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