34 SUN CARE
from anatomical differences in skin. Evenness of application was verified by observation using a Wood’s Lamp and the space between each test site was > 1 cm. Following application, the test sites were
exposed to a series of progressive UV doses (minimum of 5) based on the determined MED values for each subject. Lamp irradiance was monitored continuously during UV exposure. Post exposure (16-24 hours), subjects were evaluated for delayed erythemal responses in a double-blind manner.
UV absorption profile and protein concentration of Bacillus Lysate To determine the UV absorbing potential of the Bacillus Lysate, a spectral scan (280 nm - 700 nm) at varying concentrations (100%, 50%, 10%, and 1%) was measured and compared to that of oxybenzone (0.1 mg/mL). As seen in Figure 2, the Bacillus Lysate had significant absorbing properties between 200-400 nm for all concentrations 3
10%. The
lysate outperformed oxybenzone in UVC, UVB, and UVA wavelength ranges at concentrations >1%, where 1% Bacillus Lysate had similar a UVB profile (Figure 3) and an extended UVA profile (Figure 4). The protein concentration of all samples can be found in Table 5.
SPF-boosting capability of Bacillus Lysate
The SPF-boosting capability of the Bacillus Lysate was determined by adding 3%, 7% or 10% Bacillus Lysate to a base SPF 30 sunscreen formulation and testing the SPF of each formulation using the ISO 24444:2019 testing protocol (Figure 5). The addition of 3% Bacillus
Sample Bacillus Lysate
50% Bacillus Lysate 10% Bacillus 1% Bacillus
45 40 35 30 25
0%
Absorbance (595nm) 1.554 1.287 0.385 0.031
* *
4 3 2 1
0 320 340 360 Wavelength (nm) Figure 4: UV absorbing profile of Bacillus Lysate for UVA wavelength, compared to oxybenzone
Lysate boosted the SPF value by 33%, where the addition of 7% or 10% increased the SPF value by 29% and 22%, respectively.
Discussion Researchers have been studying extreme or adaptable microorganisms for functional components for decades and their implementation for commercial, industrial, and medical applications is commonplace.38-40 Small molecules, enzymes, and polymers are just a few examples of products that are often isolated from extremophiles.41-44 A few extremophiles, such as tardigrades
and Deinococcus radiodurans have been studied for UV resistant genes and compounds.45-48 The UV filter industry in the United States is a double-edged sword; the development of new UV filters is needed but
TABLE 5: PROTEIN CONCENTRATION OF BACILLUS LYSATE SAMPLES AS DETERMINED VIA THE BRADFORD ASSAY
Concentration (mg/ml) 2.13 1.75
0.47 -0.04 ns
Std. Dev. 0.339 0.104 0.017 0.005
the pathway to get there is long and expensive. In the United States, sunscreens and
UV filters are regulated as pharmaceuticals whereas in most other countries they are considered cosmetics. This strict regulation has stunted most UV filter innovation in the United States, which is evident by the limited number of approved UV filters on the market. The development and use of SPF boosters
is way to enhance the efficacy of sunscreens without requiring FDA submissions. There are numerous UV boosters on the market that are well accepted by the sunscreen industry. They are often developed from plants and
algae and give companies and formulators options for new products. However, SPF boosters cannot be the main source of UV protection within a product, which is why they are added to synergistically work with approved UV filters. The Bacillus Lysate presented here is a
promising alternative SPF booster for the sunscreen industry. A 3% addition of the lysate to a SPF 30 sunscreen raised the SPF value by 33%. The benefits from this can be seen in two ways. Firstly, the addition of the lysate increased
the efficacy of the sunscreen without the addition of more UV filters. Secondly, the addition of the lysate helps ensure that the SPF value of the sunscreen stays true to the advertised claims, with both views being beneficial for the consumer. There have been a lot of concerns around
the traditional UV filter chemistries used in sunscreens. These concerns range from hormone disruption in children to bleaching of the coral reefs. Using a booster like Bacillus Lysate may help limit the number of traditional chemistries needed for SPF performance and bring a certain ease of mind to consumers. Secondly, by ensuring the advertised SPF
3% 7% Bacillus Lysate Concentration
Figure 5: The SPF-boosting capability of the Bacillus Lysate at various concentrations using a three- person ISO 24444:2019 testing protocol. Statistical analysis of the SPF values for all samples was performed using an unpaired two-tailed t-test with a 95% confidence interval; *, a significant difference between samples; ns, no significant difference between samples
PERSONAL CARE October 2023 10%
values of a sunscreen are at or above the claimed SPF value, Bacillus Lysate may help bring creditability and security to brands. Overall, any innovation that can enhance protection from UV exposure would be welcomed by the industry and consumers alike.
References to this article are available at:
bit.ly/3siWK9X
PC
www.personalcaremagazine.com 380
Bacillus Lystate Bacillus Lystate (50%) Bacillus Lystate (10%) Bacillus Lystate (1%) Oxybenzone (0.1 mg/mL)
400
SPF Value
Absorbance
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