58 MARINE INGREDIENTS
biochemical functioning of numerous metabolic pathways. Inadequate magnesium status, known as hypomagnesia, may impair healthy homeostasis that is dependent on sufficiency of this element. Compelling and compounding evidence confirms that nearly two-thirds of the population in the western world is not achieving the recommended daily allowance for magnesium, a deficiency problem contributing to various health conditions including those underpinned by inflammaging, not least those observed in the dermus. Current research suggests that a unique deep
sea water solution containing magnesium and other trace minerals has a potent beneficial effect on skin health and on various skin conditions such as ageing, psoriasis, and irritant contact dermatitis. Studies are focusing on the potent beneficial epigenetic effects of this unique marine magnesium mineral extract sourced directly from deep sea water on human primary cells using the same technological platforms, with very promising results. Oriel Deep Sea Magnesium Mineral Extract
is prepared from deep seawater harvested from where the pure waters of the North Atlantic join with the Gulf Stream to flow into the Bay of Oriel in the Irish Sea, where it completes an almost 360-degree tidal adjustment due to the massive outflow of the River Boyne just a few miles south. What is unique is due to the patented
harvesting and extraction process, which ensures the minerals in this Marine Magnesium Extract remain in a passive free-ion form protected by a pressure-induced hydration shell via passing through the sealed patented process. This guarantees bioavailability and delivery direct to the dermal microvasculature rapidly and efficiently. In order to assess the effect of this Marine
Magnesium Mineral Extract on skin, scientists at Dublin City University carried out independent research in the following areas:
Primary human dermal fibroblasts & keratinocytes Real-time cellular analysis was carried out on two of the major skin cell types- primary adult human dermal fibroblasts and primary human dermal keratinocytes- using proprietary cell modelling and analysis. By analysing the cellular response of these cells, in a 2.5-dimension cellular model (a low dilution of MatriGel extracellular matrices (ECMs) of skin tissue, to varying concentrations of Oriel Deep Sea Magnesium Mineral Extract, multiple parameters in real-time, over a prolonged, continuous and interrupted time course were assessed. Cellular tolerance, cytotoxicity, and cellular response (fate and function) with respect to compound kinetics and dynamics were determined. Cell models of both types were grown in a 2.5-dimensional ECM environment, and cellular response assessed and recorded by electrical impendence induced by the cellular behaviour. This enabled us to study long-term effects
of the seawater magnesium mineral extract on both dermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts, as well as dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Temporal analysis, along the time axis,
PERSONAL CARE October 2021
facilitated functional studies in relation to a number of cell fate and functions: both parameters are important indicators of skin health. These included, but were not limited to, cell adhesion, cell activation, migration, spreading, proliferation, quiescence, apoptosis and cytotoxicity.
Cell adhesion The effect of Marine Magnesium Mineral Extract on cell adhesion, interactions and attachment of primary human dermal fibroblasts to the ECM (i.e. tissue environment), was studied. Cell adhesion kinetics displayed a biphasic
effect, a phenomenon known as hormesis, with dermal fibroblasts, but at all concentrations (0.1-1.5%) cell adhesion dynamics (kinetics/ rate and extent) it was greater than control fibroblasts. Initial adhesion was slow (0-1.3 hours), but increased exponentially from 1.3 hours to 1.6 hours, with all concentrations of Oriel Deep Sea Magnesium Mineral Extract having a potentiating effect, indicating a mechanistic beneficial effect of wound healing and skin regeneration. Cell spreading dynamics (1.6-3 hours) again
displayed a potentiating effect of Oriel Deep Sea Magnesium Mineral Extract on active cell spreading. Similar to the keratinocyte studies, this has implications for cellular architecture and rigidity (i.e. tensegrity, form and function of cytoskeletal architecture, and dynamic reciprocity), and thus biomechanical properties of skin (elasticity, tone, firmness). Complementary studies were carried out
in parallel to the keratinocyte investigations, using primary human dermal fibroblasts. Experimental protocols were precisely the same (cell number, Marine Magnesium Mineral Extract concentrations, ECM compositions, xCELLigence settlings and running protocols). Initial observations over the 48 hours were that the cellular response, kinetics and dynamics of fibroblasts differed considerably from that of the keratinocytes. This highlights an important
biological observation that there is a different cell- specific response to Marine Magnesium Mineral Extract, emphasising the point that it elicits a precise response which depends on the particular cell profile (signalling networks, proteomic and transcriptomic compliment, receptor expression levels, e.g. TRPM7 or integrins).
Skin hydration Skin physiology and the skin barrier are especially significant in cosmetic dermatology. All cosmetic products impact the barrier, either beneficially through the improvement of skin hydration and barrier repair, or negatively through irritant-induced contact dermatitis. Commonly used methods for assessment of skin barrier function include determination of stratum corneum water content and trans- epidermal water loss. A tissue dielectric constant was measured on a full thickness in vitro humanised model, Labskin, before and after application of a gel containing the Marine Magnesium Mineral Extract (active gel) against the same preparation without it, as a control. Outstanding results were achieved by the addition of just 0.33% to a simple gel-based topical product, which doubled 24-hour hydration levels in comparison to a control without the extract.
Focused gene array studies Concentrations which gave the best wound healing profiles on the xCELLigence real time cell analyser were used in our studies - i.e. 20mM and 40mM at a 12-hour time point. Wound healing progresses via three distinct but not mutually exclusive phases: inflammation, granulation and tissue remodelling. After cutaneous injury, a blood clot forms and inflammatory cells infiltrate the wound, secreting cytokines and growth factors to initiate the inflammation phase. During the granulation phase, fibroblasts
and other cells differentiate into myofibroblasts, which deposit ECM proteins. Simultaneously,
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