ANTI-AGEING 17
First generation plant membrane lipids fight ageing
n Òscar Expósito PhD, Mireia Pérez, Ana Gallego PhD, Tarik Ruiz, Maria Mas, Pau Riera, Daniel Luna, Sara Laplana – Vytrus Biotech, Spain
Ageing affects our cellular energy levels. Just like the batteries of an electronic device, our cells have a programmed obsolescence, intimately linked to our skin vitality, which causes energetic ageing. There is a decrease of the available cellular energy, because aged cells are not able to properly recharge their internal energy. Mitochondria are in charge of generating the cell energy, and especially, as it has been recently discovered, when they are fused. But with age, as well as other factors such as stress or lack of sleep, there is a decrease of mitochondrial biogenesis and their ability to communicate with each other, establishing balanced mitochondrial interactions. Improving this communication and
rebalancing these mitochondrial fusions can be a way to fight against this energetic ageing.
Mitochondrial synapses Mitochondria are intimately linked to the energetic supply to the cells; however, they also play a key role in other biological processes, such as biosynthesis or cell signalling. Recently, it has been described that mitochondria function as signalling organelles, constantly communicating with the cell nucleus, the cytosol and among each other, to initiate certain biological activities under homeostatic and stress conditions.1
This inter-organelle
communication system uses unique mitochondria dynamics, called Mitochondrial Synapses, that are based on a very sophisticated equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission processes. These interactions are directed by lipid mediators organised in micro-domains called lipid RAFTs. 2, 3 In this way, mitochondria can sense incoming signals from lipid origin, and coordinate fast and substantial morphology changes.4
Mitochondrial fusions are a very
efficient way for the mitochondria to collaborate with each other, giving more energy to the cell when they are fused than when they are by themselves. It is for this reason that maintaining these mitochondrial
November 2019 Fusion
Fragmented Units
Fused Network Abstract
During ageing, as well as under stress situations, the cellular energy of the skin, and its vitality, decrease, causing what it is known as energetic ageing. The new active Olea Vitae PLF (INCI name: Olea Europaea (Olive) Callus Culture Lysate) made from plant stem cells of wild olive tree sprouts, achieves the activation of the energetic rejuvenation cycles, through a new mechanism of action: the stimulation of mitochondrial synapses. This active represents the first generation of biomimetic plant cell membrane lipids: the Phyto-Lipidic Fractions (PLF), with a unique lipidic composition, that stimulates the communication between mitochondria, to boost the energy and vitality levels of the epidermal cells, increasing the production of structural proteins to obtain a clear anti-wrinkle, firming and repairing effect. Several in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to support these claims.
Weak, incoherent signals Potent, coherent signal
Fission
Low energy demand Metabolic oversupply
High energy demand Energetic deficiency
Figure 1: Mitochondrial synapses: balanced cycles regulate the cellular energetic status. (*with Reference 5)
synapses working properly is the key to maintain the required high energy and vitality levels of the cell.
In addition, cells use mitochondrial synapses to repair other mitochondria that are not working properly or that are damaged. The cell membranes and genome of the healthy mitochondria are mixed and fused with the damaged ones, and, as a result of this recombination, faulty mitochondria are repaired.6
mechanism that has been recently discovered, and that represents a new paradigm of the role that mitochondria have in cellular ageing.
Phyto-lipidic fractions If the damage is
too high, mitochondria are recycled through mitophagy. Mitochondrial synapses are a mitochondrial homeostasis system that maintains the cellular mitochondrial pool young and dynamic. This is a cellular
Mitochondria synthesise specific bioactive signalling lipids, which form Lipid RAFTs in the membrane, and are involved in the process of membrane fusion during the synapses. Following these recent discoveries, a new innovative raw material has been presented for the first time: the first generation of biomimetic plant cell membrane lipids, called Phyto-Lipidic Fractions (PLF), rich in lipid RAFTs.
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