stability. He reinforced the Bolsa Familia (Family Allowance) programme in March last year which aims to provide 21.1 million struggling Brazilian families with financial aid whilst promoting education.
Created by Lula during his first term it was responsible for a huge reduction in poverty but was changed by Bolsonaro to the Auxilio Brasil programme which in 2022 gave 23.6 million families at least one instalment with total payments amounting to R$111.4bn.
Lula has also set up a national network of food banks to prevent waste. Meanwhile in August he announced a $350bn infrastructure investment plan looking at social housing projects and boosting transports, roads, and clean energy programmes.
His more liberal views on gambling and a need for funding to help with the numerous projects planned means, legislations which were placed on the back-burner during the last administration, are now being put into action.
GAMBLING BACKGROUND
Most types of gambling have been prohibited in Brazil for the last 80 years after a ruling was introduced in the 1940s. All games of chance were prohibited in 1941 whilst a blanket ban under President Eurico Dutra’s conservative
government saw 70 odd casinos close their doors.
Influenced by his devout catholic wife’s anti- gambling views, Dutra banned casinos, bookmakers and bingos claiming they spread prostitution and encouraged the mafia and money laundering.
Te only game which remained was poker which was defined as a game of skill whilst on- track betting was allowed through private clubs. Illegal gambling flourished such as the Jogo de Bicho (numbers game) which reported revenues of around R$12bn at the time.
Te restrictions on gambling remained in place for the next 20 years when certain types of gambling were slowly reinstated. In the 1960s state owned lotteries were permitted to operate after the state-owned bank Caixa Economica Federal was given the licence to operate, whilst in the mid-1980s betting on horse racing was allowed.
Caixa was granted control of the federal lottery more than 60 years ago under the Decree no. 50,954 in 1961 which cancelled all lottery licences granted to the private sector. Caixa’s lottery agencies are concessions granted by the government with licences for premises granted by the bank.
Te bank boasts 151.1 million customers with almost 4,300 branches. Te lottery games available include 11 games such Mega-Sena, Lotofacil, Quina, Lotomania, +Milionaria and bets can be made via 13,000 lottery outlets across Brazil or online.
Te Caixa Lotteries recorded its best year of revenues in 2022 with R$23.2bn, up 25 per cent on the previous year. Prizes totalling R$7.9bn were given out. By the third quarter of 2023 lottery revenues reached R$16.2bn (1.3 per cent more than the first three quarters of 2022).
Mega-Sena is responsible for 47 per cent of the total revenues collected followed by Lotofacil and then Quina. Around R$10.9bn was given to social benefits (education, sport and culture) in 2022 from lottery proceeds.
Meanwhile horse race betting was permitted in 1984 and is restricted to non-profit entities that own the racecourses. Tese entities must apply for their agency licence through the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA). Jockey clubs have their own agencies and around 200 agents which are authorised to accept bets on local and international races.
Horse racing has always been limited with only four racetracks - Hipodromo Gavea in Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Jardim (Sao Paulo), Taruma (Curitiba) and Cristal (Porto Alegre) and about
WIRE / PULSE / INSIGHT / REPORTS P73
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