Trans RINA, Vol 157, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan - Dec 2015 of interior
spatial design and urban design, the synthesis of the terms ‘urban’
design, interior architecture, and ‘interior’
and occurs with increasing
frequency. The aim of which is to engage the potential of practices and techniques of disciplines concerned with interior
urbanism in new collaborative forms
involving multi-scalar, multi-cultural, multi-discipline approaches. A rethinking of the concept of interior is invited where the defining characteristics of enclosure, form and structure are opened to other possibilities than an equation with the inside of a building. Urban design can be considered as the organisation of space, time, meaning and communication. The environment as an ecological system has the following components:
The individual The physical environment, including all natural features of geography, climate, and man-made features which limit and facilitate behaviour and the resources of the environment
The personal environment, including individuals who are important sources of behaviour control.
The suprapersonal environment which refers to the environmental characteristics resulting from the inhabitant modal personal characteristics due to grouping by age, class, ethnic origin, lifestyle or other specific characteristics.
The social environment consisting of social norms and institutions.
This model suggests an array of environments: social; cultural; physical, as shown in Figure 2. It also implies a connection between changes in the physical environment, which the designer manipulates and which provides a setting for people and changes in other areas, such as psychological and social.
The environment is a series of relationships between elements and people and these relationships have a pattern. The
reflects and facilitates relations and transactions between people and the physical elements of the world. These relationships are primarily spatial, whereby objects and people are related through separation in and by space. Spatial organisation is a more fundamental aspect of the designed environment than shape and materials.[6]
Where the organisation of space for different purposes according to rules which reflect the needs, values and desires of the groups or individuals designing the space and represent the congruence between social and physical space. This is not to deny the importance of the shape, proportions and sensory quality of spaces and their enclosing elements, as well as their symbolic meaning, but these all occur within a spatial framework. The environment is also temporal and it can be seen as the organisation of time. This may be understood in two ways. This first refers to large-scale cognitive structuring of
time such as linear orientation vs past orientation, how time is valued and, © 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects environment has a structure that both architecture,
hence, how it is subdivided into units. The second refers to tempos and rhythms of human activities and their congruence or in congruence with each other. Thus people may be separated in time as well as, or instead of space, so groups with different rhythms occupying the same space may never meet. Space-time or spatial and temporal aspects interact and influence one another.[6] Spatial characteristics of the built environment also greatly
influences and reflect the organisation
of
communication. In the case of urban environments this can be understood in two ways as being concerned with Movement and communication systems or with face-to- face communication. The built environment and its organisation can be seen as a way of controlling the nature, direction and rate of interaction. These four aspects of the built environment interact so that communication among
people with different is affected by the
meanings which various parts of the environment have for them. Space is more than 3D physical space. At different times and in different context one is, in effect, dealing
kinds of space and their congruence is an important design issue. [6]
Behavioural space or action space which is related to movement space. This is space used by given individuals or groups. The behavioural spaces of different groups (age, sex, ethnic or racial) may be very different from the total urban space shown on a map. This is equivalent to suggesting that within the physical or geographical environment there is an operational environment within which people work and which affects them. Within that is the perceptual environment of which people are conscious directly and to which they give symbolic meaning and within that is the behavioural environment of which people are not only aware but which also elicits some behavioural response. This space actually used by social groups and reflecting their behaviour patterns and perceptions can also be called a social space.[6]
Geographical Environment
Operational Environment Behavioural Environment
Perceptual Environment
Figure 2: Model of environment as an ecological system [6]
flow vs cyclic time, future
While social pace occurs in physical space, it is distinct from it and the congruence between the two is important. Social space has often been studied in terms of what might be called abstract analytic space- that of urban ecology, area analysis and the like. Underlying this and all others is 3D space. Behavioural space is related to subjective space and is a special case of psychological
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