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Trans RINA, Vol 157, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan - Dec 2015 A MARINE DESIGN APPROACH TO WFSV BRIDGE LAYOUT DEVELOPMENT AND


CREW TRANSFER (DOI No. 103940/rina.ijmd.2015.c1.45)


S McCartan and T Thompson, EBDIG-IRC, Coventry University, UK C Anderberg, H Pahlm and F Forsman, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden T Dobbins, ST-Research Ltd, UK H Bernauer and H-J Wirsching, Human Solutions GmbH, Germany


SUMMARY The aim of Marine Design is to improve the human factors, functionality and aesthetics of a vessel or system, and its' marketability. The role of a Marine Designer is to create and execute design solutions for problems of form, usability, ergonomics, marketing, brand development, and sales. Based on the principles of Industrial Design, the objective of which is to study both function and form, and the connection between product (vessel or system), the user and the environment. User Centred Design (UCD) is a process in which the needs, requirements, and capabilities of crew members as end users of a vessel or system, are given extensive consideration at each phase of the design process. UCD is a sequenced problem solving process that requires marine designers to analyse and anticipate end user behaviour in working on a vessel or system, and to test the validity of these assumptions through ethnographic analysis of real users. Ethnographic analysis is necessary due to the challenge for marine designers to intuitively understand the experiences of a first-time user (crew member) of their vessel or system design. UCD answers questions about users, their tasks and goals, then uses the findings to inform the design process with specific user scenarios. This paper reports on an ethnographic analysis carried out onboard a WFSV to evaluate current navigational practices and other command and control activities specific to WFSV, including technician transfer to the turbine. The ethnographic analysis informed an ergonomic analysis carried out using the Digital Human Modelling (DHM) software RAMSIS, which allowed the bridge displays to be evaluated in the virtual design space.


1. INTRODUCTION


Marine Design is an holistic design process with a strong focus on the end users as well as stakeholders in the design process, based on the principles of Industrial Design. In contrast to Industrial Design, Naval Architecture is about addressing a design specification. The most important part of the Marine Design (Industrial Design) process is reaching a well informed design specification. Effective multidisciplinary design Industrial Designers,


Marine Design requires team of Naval Human Factors


a


Architects, specialists,


environmental psychologists and interior designers. The start of the marine Design process is understanding the personas and needs of the end user. The aim of Marine Design is to improve the aesthetics, human factors and functionality of a vessel or system, and its' marketability. The role of a Marine Designer is to create and execute design solutions


ergonomics, marketing, brand development, and sales. Based on the principles of Industrial


for problems of form, usability, Design, the


objective of which is to study both function and form, and the connection between product (vessel or system), the user and the environment.[1]


1.1 USER CENTRED DESIGN


User Centred Design (UCD) is a process in which the needs, requirements, and capabilities of crew members as end users of a vessel or system, are given extensive consideration at each phase of the design process. UCD is a sequenced problem solving process that requires


© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects


marine designers to analyse and anticipate end user behaviour in working on a vessel or system, and to test the validity of these assumptions through ethnographic analysis of real users. Ethnographic analysis is necessary due to the challenge for marine designers to intuitively understand the experiences of a first-time user (crew member) of their vessel or system design. UCD answers questions about users, their tasks and goals, then uses the findings to inform the design process with specific user scenarios. [2]


UCD tools and methods characterised by two aspects, the design activities they support, and the role of end-users in these activities. The diagram in Figure 1, uses these properties to illustrate the position


of active user


involvement and participatory design within the field of UCD methods. The horizontal axis outlines the project phases in which the methods can be used. The vertical axis outlines the intended level of user involvement achieved with each method. The two bottom rows of the diagram represent 'traditional' UCD methods in which the roles of designers and users are quite distinct; designers generate solutions for users based on explicit knowledge. This knowledge can be gathered through ethnographic research such as interviews or surveys with the user, or by observing users during product use. Users are the objects of study and, during usability testing, the testers of solutions. These techniques are currently in common use in the product design industry. Analysis, design and evaluation activities as part of these methods are mostly conducted by professionals for or together with users. [3]


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