Trans RINA, Vol 157, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan –Dec 2015
more sense, i.e. dinner is served with a sophisticated table setting and servants have formal uniforms, the people follow these ‘codes’ and adapt
from everyday life, and the their behaviour
according to the setting. This is directly linked to the everyday distinction network. Consequently, Yarnal and Kerstetter [61] have noted that behaviour on a cruise differs
fairytale-like
environment makes every day routines quickly disappear. We believe this is a result of the source of human behaviour being situated in the way we perceive our environment, and its properties guide our response [13] and behaviour [4, 43]. Another reason might be that other people's behaviour in a social group has a great influence on individuals’ behaviour. This has to do with social schemas: unconscious activation
of ‘schemas’
(information retrieval) that affects social cognition and behaviour.
[17] Our findings demonstrate that formal
outfits and table settings are important binders and that can influence human behaviour.
An individual actor can belong to several networks with each having different goals. It is worth pointing out that the goals of the different networks do not conflict with the aims of an individual actor. For example, information flows through the three networks in many different forms and informs thousands of different matters. In addition to emerging as information itself, it appears that information translates through schedule, layout, decoration, language, weather, program, outfit, and other people. Thus, depending of the aim of the network the different actors can be seen informing about the everyday distinction, predictability, or social experience. Furthermore, individual networks can be a part of larger networks since everything is ultimately constructed from various open-ended networks [31]. In this case the three emerged congruent networks of the study are part of the cruise experience network. Furthermore, a quite limited network that begins from the cruise environment can easily extend beyond the cruise ship, which is a good source of improvement of the overall cruise experience.
In line with extant 60], our
seeking enjoyment and overall pampering from the cruise [11,
research
research stating that people are revealed that translation
enjoyment and pleasures takes place of through the
programme. The programme for example separates the cruise experience from everyday life; plays central role in predictability since living on board is guided by the programme, and therefore guides the social experiences as well. This supports Yarnal and Kerstetter’s [61] finding that passengers are aware of being guided, but feel that it is a part of the experience. It can be argued that
cruise programme is one of the most unique
elements of cruising as in other vacation types similarly intensive and multi-sided programmes seldom exist. The cruise programme (with the help of other actors) enables passengers’ to participate in multiple events, thus giving freedom to leave the planning to other
interpreted this to be translating the pampering. Furthermore, readymade ‘daily plans’ enable passengers
to participate in multiple events. Thus, it is translating enjoyment for the passengers. For this reason on cruises, passengers have the time and strength for activities different from those that are a part of their daily lives and they are able to escape from daily routines [46]. In contrast, we found that at times the ample amount of offered activities seemed to actually create stress in passengers as they tried to get the most out of their cruise. This results in disappointment when they could not participate on all of their desired activities.
Even though the official and unofficial programmes are strongly focused on the social dimension, the network comprising social experiences cannot work without non- human actors [31]. The programme actor was related with layout and decoration and schedule in all three emerged networks. Thus, the programme is engaged with ship’s layout
that enables quick movement between
events as a wide range of different services are packed into a compact package. This makes the ship environment appear as a unique environment
in
comparison with all the other vacation environments. According to Carù and Cova [10] companies enable customers to shape their own experiences by providing a context. Therefore it can be argued that in terms of cruise experience, important translations occur through ship’s layout. Whereas the schedule keeps passengers aware of different activities on board, it also enables the program to organise without overlaps and it keep passengers evenly entertained. This in turns supports the conclusion of Cartwright and Baird’s [11] note of the central role of entertainment in cruise culture.
People interpret other actors in their environment mainly by visual means [42, 44]. Many times participants reported that their visual interpretation of weather had an influence on
their programme, and indeed outfit
selection. Weather is therefore related to several actors and plays an interestingly central role in predictability network. Furthermore, weather exists in the everyday distinction network, and that may be because for many passengers, weather is the reason to go on a vacation, as it was reported many times that the destination was selected because of the weather; bad weather could therefore spoil the whole holiday experience
[61].
Although the weather had both an enabling and limiting influence on many activities on board it is a complicated phenomenon, which behaviour and structures cannot be completely explained [34] and therefore designers are unable to influence the weather actor. Furthermore, we found that people interpreted their environment in order to understand the functions of different spaces and therefore the layout and decoration
highly affects actors. We
experiences taking place in different spaces within the cruise ship environment. This supports the conclusion that the aims of the actors are always bounded by the surrounding environment [31] and that emotions change according to environmental stimuli [41], which in turn has a significant effect on experiences [22]. For example interviewee F described how the environment affected
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© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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