MARINE INGREDIENTS
and off the coast of Canada. A different method is used in Australia, where seaweed is gathered as it washes ashore after a storm. In places like the Philippines, Indonesia, Tanzania and Madagascar, carageenophytes are cultivated and harvested in warm, shallow waters, giving employment to local communities who profit from this reliable cash crop. The approximately 230,000 known marine plant and animal species living in these upper regions of our seas, just 10% of our planet (mostly estuarine and euphotic zone), provide us each year with approximately 100 million tonnes of raw materials (most of which finds its way into food and then some into personal care). How much more is waiting for us?
The deep sea – the abyssal zone
Both the pharmaceutical and personal care industries are driven by discovering new materials and so it is not surprising that already there are ingredients for personal care derived from microbes that live at these extreme depths. These few actives are just the first phase of what may turn out to be many phases of discoveries. Today, exploration is limited by the few submersibles capable of withstanding the pressures and travelling down to the abyssal plains and deep the ocean floor. However, the images they have captured have been used to make excellent documentaries such as the BBC’s 2011 ‘Deep Seabed’ in their ‘Blue Planet’ series. Many shorter videos taken by these specialised craft show the unusual life- forms that inhabit the deep ocean. They are readily available over the internet so all of us can now share the excitement of seeing these new-to-science extremophiles living their lives in, what for us would be impossible conditions, from the comfort of our more hospitable-to-us homes. Universities and scientific establishments such as the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER) and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts have been studying the organisms recovered from these extreme depths. One special extracellular polysaccharide (Deepsane) has been isolated from cultured Alteromonas macleodii. This gammaproteobacterium strain normally lives in the sea at depths between 1000 m and 3500 m. The strain they have used is strictly aerobic, non- fermentative, non-luminescent, and non- pigmented. It is an encapsulated Gram- negative. Fortunately, this extremophile will grow at atmospheric pressure when its optimal growth conditions are between 30˚C-35˚C, pH 6.5-7.5 and the ionic strength between 20 g/L-40 g/L NaCl.
This is providential as many of the organisms who have adapted to these extreme conditions may not be able to survive at lower atmospheric pressures. Deepsane is now produced in amounts suitable for use in the personal care industry. It is known to be a large molecule made up of repeating units of eleven glycosidic residues. It contains glucose, galactose, rhamnose, fucose and mannose along with glucuronic and galacturonic acids. Deepsane is also characterised by an unusual sugar, a diacidic hexose identified as a 3-0-(1 carboxyethyl)-D-glucuronic acid. The strain of Alteromonas macleodii, cultured for Deepsane was ‘harvested’ from the deepest oceans, situated at 13˚ North, near the Mexican coast. Scientists at IFREMER cultured the strain and first isolated Deepsane. They believe that Deepsane may be a key component of the filamentous microbial mat that forms around the deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys. These microbial mats are necessary to securely-anchored colonies so they can develop and thrive in the turbulent waters. They also help shield the microbes from the high concentrations of toxic substances, such as heavy metals, which are continually being spued out of the hydrothermal vents.
Clinical studies have shown that Deepsane has cosmetic benefits. It is a very effective anti-inflammatory. It significantly reduces ICAM-1 expression while also protecting langerhans cells, which are essential players in the skin’s immune system. In addition, aqueous extracts containing Deepsane help repair damaged skin through IL-1 regulation. The studies indicate that Alteromonas ferment extracts, (Unipex Innovation’s Abyssine) which contains Deepsane, can help protect and encourage skin repair so are ideal for sensitive, reactive and damaged skin.9
Conclusion
There is no doubt that man does enjoy the sights and sounds of the ocean. Paradise is often portrayed as a desert island surrounded by blue seas so it is especially good to know that the oceans and seas are a great place to find natural actives and function materials for personal care products. An abundance of new interesting materials are keenly anticipated as the deep sea is more fully explored.
PC
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