REPORTS TRIBAL GAMING / STATE-BY-STATE
ARIZONA
Arizona has no commercial casino venues but has 25 tribal casinos (2022) operated by 22 tribes which are governed by the Arizona Tribal-State Gaming Compacts. Each compact with the 22 tribes last for 10 years and can be renewed for another 10 years and an additional two years.
A total of 16 Arizona tribes operate 25 Class III casinos with more than 19,600 slots in total and another six tribes operate just slot machine rights they can lease to other tribes with casinos.
Under the compact a maximum of 1,400 gaming machines are authorised at each facility. Te compact also permits for 100 card game tables at facilities located more than 40 miles from any town with more than 400,000 and 150 card tables at casinos within 40 miles of a town with 400,000. As of January 2022 there were around 550 card and table games in operation.
An amendment to the tribal compacts in April 2021 authorised landbased sports betting at major professional sports arenas and up to 10 racetrack and off-track betting locations.
Online sports betting can also be offered by a maximum of 20 licensed platforms partnered with either a professional sports team or facility or one of the 25 casinos operated by the Indian tribes. Since then sports betting has boomed.
Between September 2021 and November 2022 more than $7.1bn
P38 WIRE / PULSE / INSIGHT / REPORTS
was spent on wagers in the state and 99 per cent of this was from online betting. Tis has provided the state with $30.7m in tax revenue.
Te year 2022 was the first time since Covid that all three commercial horse tracks resumed live racing.
A TOTAL OF 16 ARIZONA TRIBES
OPERATE 25 CLASS III CASINOS WITH MORE THAN 19,600 SLOTS IN TOTAL AND
CALIFORNIA
Tere are no commercial casinos in California but there are 67 tribal casinos and 60 plus card rooms plus racetracks and lottery. Te California Gambling Control Commission governs the tribal gaming operations in the state.
Some 64 tribes operate casinos across 30 counties and include large scale venues such as Pechanga Resort and Casio and Tunder Valley Casino.
A 2012 compact varies the number of Class III slots allowed per casino with some tribes able to operate more than the 2,000 it was previously limited to. Wheel or dice games such as roulette or craps however are prohibited.
Tribal operators have exclusivity on Class III gaming and gaming tables and there is a long-standing battle with player-banked card rooms (poker) over the legality of how these card rooms operate as many have found loopholes to offer most casino table games.
Last year the tribes tried another
ANOTHER SIX TRIBES OPERATE JUST SLOT MACHINE RIGHTS THEY CAN LEASE TO OTHER TRIBES WITH CASINOS.
tack to sue via a bid to legalise sports betting. Tere were two main proposals put forward to the state last year which both failed to move forward.
Proposition 26 would have allowed tribal casinos and the state’s four major racetracks offering in- person sports betting and at the same time there was a provision to enable operators to file civil cases against card rooms for illegal gambling.
Te initiative, bankrolled by several tribes to the tune of more than $200m, would also have permitted roulette and dice games in casinos.
A second proposition (Proposition 27) would have allowed online and mobile sports betting outside of native lands offered by licensed tribes and gaming/online companies.
SOME 64 TRIBES OPERATE CASINOS
ACROSS 30 COUNTIES IN CALIFORNIA AND INCLUDE LARGE
SCALE VENUES SUCH AS PECHANGA
RESORT AND CASIO AND THUNDER VALLEY CASINO.
It was estimated around $400m was spent in total by the tribes and large gaming companies backing the online initiative to push their proposals forward.
It is suggested that Californians were making $15.7bn in illegal sports bets placed via friends, bookies or offshore sites which if legalised could generate around $500m annually for the state.
Although online gambling could theoretically take revenues away from tribal casinos, gambling companies must partner with local tribes to operate.
In November last year both propositions were rejected by
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