March, 2018


www.us-tech.com


Page 101


Building Versatility into High-Throughput X-Ray Inspection Continued from previous page


Conclusive Results Partial or complete volumes of an object


inspected with 3D AXI can be displayed on-screen quickly and can be tilted, rotated and zoomed. A special feature is the slice-by-slice view into the interior of an object, such as an array of BGA balls. Setting up such a tool on the verification station offers additional options for defect classification and for identifying defect causes. Calculating meaningful volume information


from several 2D penetrations of the inspection object and deriving individual slices from this information is the greatest advantage of 3D tech- nology. If, for example, the voids on a QFN need to be inspected, but there is another component on the other side of the PCB, then it is likely that not all of the air inclusions would be visi- ble in typical X-ray images, because the objects overlap in the image and conceal each other. The 3D reconstruction of the


volumetric unit in the 3D X-ray inspection allows the slices to be sep- arated, facilitating inspection with- out interfering or overlapping. In principle, the entire volume of the scene can be irradiated so its struc- ture can also be determined. The slices do not necessarily have to be made only horizontally. A vertically separated slice may be able to give important information, such as that one BGA ball in the outer row is not attached, indicating a head in pillow (HIP) defect. On a PCB assembled on both sides, the components located on each side are seen. Each slice image, whether horizontal or vertical, can be directly forwarded to the analysis. Voids, for instance, can be identified and classified easily.


Balanced Combined Solution When AXI and AOI are com-


bined, there are additional advan- tages. With this combination the pro- portions of orthogonal, angled and 3D X-ray can be tuned to each other. By inclusion of the optical inspection methods, their use can be reduced to a minimum, which in turn further improves the cycle time of the entire inspection. Also, the radiation load on individual components is lessened. Some criteria, such as optical


character recognition (OCR), recog- nizing plain text on the component, must be conducted purely optically. In other cases, features can be cap- tured either optically or with X-ray. In a good combination system,


PCBs shuttle quickly and nearly simultaneously between the two inspection sections. Optical fiducial cameras can start before the lead plate separating the two inspection sections has fully closed. With just a single system, complete, fast inspec- tion coverage can be obtained. If there is a suspicion that undetected hidden defects still exist after the optical inspection, an additional X- ray inspection that runs in the same system can be started automatically.


Interplay with MXI The X-ray results from the


inspection system can be linked with other inspection results from SPI or AOI through a networked line with Viscom Quality Uplink. This does not only apply to in-line X-ray. “I can transfer the inspection


results from the line to a manual sys- tem and, for example, conduct detailed inspection at the correspon- ding positions for ambiguous defects


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Individual slices from 3D analysis can be viewed in vVision after the FDK reconstruction process.


or random samples there,” says Rolf Demitz, co- responsible for MXI development and other assign- ments as division head at Viscom. Post-classifica-


tion software can also be used on these systems. Despite the increasing speed of AXI solutions,


manual X-ray remains an essential part of elec- tronics production. Both reclaimed electronic assemblies and newly developed prototypes can be inspected with MXI. Normally, this is done with- out taking cycle time into account. The inspection takes place between the tube


and the pivotable detector (image converter) for as long as necessary. The object arrives on the rotat- ing platform of a manipulator that the operator can maneuver upward and downward with a joy- stick. The most impressive characteristic of the results is the extremely high detail recognition, which also benefits 3D reconstructions from both rotary and planar CT. With a manual system, certain things can be automated. Position lists and classifications can be


Continued on next page


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