18.2 Proportionality theorems 18.3 Similar triangles
The Learning Outcomes covered in this unit are contained in the following sections:
GT.3a GT.3b GT.3d GT.3e N.2b N.3b
Thales, a Greek mathematician, discovered an easy way to calculate the height of the pyramids of Egypt using shadows.
He worked it out by fi nding the ratio of his vertical height to the length of his shadow at a certain time of the day.
Using this ratio and the length from the centre of the pyramid to the end of its shadow at the same time of the day, he calculated the vertical height of the pyramid.
Imagine Thales was 1·8 m tall and his shadow was 1·2 m long.
Key words Similar triangles
At the same time of day, the length from the centre of the pyramid to the end of its shadow was 98 m (see diagram). Use this information to calculate the vertical height of the pyramid.
Pyramid Thales 1.8 m 98 m 1.2 m
Geometry in proportion
Something to think about …
18.1 Division of line segment constructions
By the end of this section you should be able to: ● divide a line into two or three equal segments without measuring it ● divide a line segment into any number of equal segments without measuring it