− 3x − 10 = 0 means to fi nd the values of x in the function y = x2
where y = 0 . This occurs where the graph crosses the x -axis. On the graph shown, the function y = x2
at the points (−2, 0 ) and ( 5, 0 ) . The solutions of the equation x2
These values are known as the roots of the function y = x2 − 3x − 10 crosses the x -axis
− 3x − 10 = 0 are x = − 2 and x = 5 . − 3x − 10 .
A root is the value where the graph of a function crosses the x -axis.
A root is a solution of the equation when y= 0
Worked example 1 Solve the quadratic equation − x 2
graph of f (x) = − x 2 Solution y + 4x + 3 = 0 using the + 4x + 3 shown, by estimating the roots. Leave your answer to one decimal place where necessary.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
–2 –1 0 –1
1 2 3 4 5 6 x ( − 2 , 0) –10 –5
60 50 40 30 20 10
0
–10 –20
− 3x − 10 y y = x2 − 3x − 10
(5, 0) 5 10 x
Solving quadratic equations by factorising Factorise the quadratic equation (HCF or diff erence of two squares or quadratic trinomial).
1
2 3
Let each of the factors equal to zero. Solve each of the resulting equations to fi nd the solutions of the original equation.