We have already learned that the slope is the rate of change of a linear function. The steeper the line, the greater the slope and hence the greater the rate of change. Slope can be calculated using the formula:
Slope ( m ) = rise
____ run
A lower case m is used to represent slope.
If a line is going downwards, it will have a negative slope. The slope (rate of change) can be used to fi nd the steepness of a line.
Discuss and discover
Work with a classmate to complete the following activity. The diagram shows a number of line segments. Using rise
of the line segments, where possible.
___ run , calculate the slope of each
y
6 5 4 3 2 1
0
Positive and negative slopes Graphs are read from left to right. ●
● ● A horizontal line has a slope of zero.
When a line is decreasing (going downwards), it has a negative slope.
●
A vertical line has a slope which is undefi ned (cannot be calculated).
B E A C H D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x F G
By the end of this section you should be able to: ● calculate the slope of a line
The slope
(rate of change) can be used to fi nd
the steepness of a line.
y
When a line is increasing (going upwards), it has a positive slope.