ANTI-POLLUTION 21
talking about ‘anti-pollution’ in general, the meaning is not limited to cigarette smoke. Our system allows us to work with
standardised ambient pollution which is called ‘Ambiendust’, which is produced by a US company and is actual particles collected in Washington, and is very standardised in the concentration of PAH and particle size.
Usually what we do for clients, we try to
dose different concentrations of this standard material in our system. For example, the WHO usually sets a limit of PM2.5 of 25 micrograms per m3
. So if you
want to work at that limit, we can work at that limit. Or if you want to go beyond that limit, for example usually during peaks of pollution in India or China you can easily reach 800 micrograms per m3
, which is
quite huge – 40 times the limit of the WHO – our system can operate anywhere between 25 and 1000 micrograms per m3
.
PC: Are there any risks associated with this level of pollutant exposure? JC: Of course there may be some concerns about the level of pollution you are subjecting the person’s skin to. But with our system, it is a ‘mini zone exposure’ – it consists of a small cup which is placed on the subject’s back. At 5 cm in diameter it is only this area that is exposed to the pollutant we are working with.
PC: What other types of pollutants can be tested? JC: Another standardised pollutant you could work with is a diesel particle which, again, is very standardised and it has high levels of PAH and VOCs in it. We can even work with collected pollution. For example, a UK company mentioned they only want to test their product on pollution collected in the UK or in London. So with a sample collector we can collect the actual pollution from London (usually it will take one month to collect enough particles to work with) and use these particles in our system, so you are really getting an accurate representation because our system allows us to work with very specific pollutants. In addition to these pollutants, the system also allows us to work with ozone with the ability to dose specific amounts of ozone. If you want to work with 100 ppb ozone which is the level set by the WHO, we can do that, or lower, or higher, we can. Particularly when you have fog in the winter in Europe, there will be very high levels of ozone. Nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide are trapped in the atmosphere and consequently there is photochemical production of tropospheric ozone. PC: What other ways can the system be controlled? JC:We can control the pollutant we are
exposing, we can control the concentration of the pollutant and we can also control the flux. In our system it’s not just putting the pollutant on the skin, as we have got a flow in our system which can mimic the way air moves outside. So here the protocol allows you to have a single two hour exposure to this pollutant, or the protocol which works best is a five-day protocol, where each day you have a two-hour exposure to the pollutant. And here again in terms of criteria for antipollution claim substantiation we will be doing sebum swabbing and tape stripping. PC: Much of this is focused on external pollution, are you also seeing request for claims against indoor pollution? JC: Yes, we are seeing a lot of requests for indoor pollution. Again when people are talking about ‘indoor pollution’ it will depend on which country they are looking at, also if you are talking about office pollution or kitchen pollution. In terms of its constituents, indoor pollution will be slightly different from external and with different concentrations. We have yet to run indoor pollution samples in our system, but when we talk about indoor pollution, many people also consider blue light part of this, and so we are now setting up and carrying out clinical tests on blue light protection claims.
PC
®
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www.kahlwax.com November 2018 PERSONAL CARE EUROPE
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