ANTI-POLLUTION 17 Before rinsing After rinsing
of histone modification levels of 50%. When cells were treated with 0.03 % artichoke extract, the histone modification levels were also closer to that of control cells with an average modification level change of only 19%. The experiment was also conducted with Benzo[a]pyrene where, although the histone modification pattern was different, a profile closer to unpolluted keratinocytes was as well observed for more than 10 different histone modifications in cells treated with 0.03 % artichoke extract (on average 45 % change with Benzo[a]pyrene treatment vs on average only 11 % change with additional artichoke extract treatment compared to control cells, data not shown).
Figure 5: Depolluphane facilitates to wash off particulate matter from the skin.
or phosphorylation at almost all of the analysed 21 histone H3 sites. It was also possible to reproduce the results of Ding et al. 2016 which found increased acetylation at lysine 9 in rats after exposure to traffic-related air pollution. The same epigenetic change was also found in steel workers who inhaled higher amounts of particulate matter and heavy metals.3
These
investigations also showed an increase in lysine 4 dimethylation which also could be reproduced in our experiment with urban dust. The assay was then used to screen a series of plant extracts for protective effects
against pollution-induced epigenetic changes. Surprisingly, an artichoke extract turned out as a very efficient protector. Keratinocytes treated with 0.03 % artichoke extract exhibited a histone modification profile similar to control cells that did not come into contact with urban dust. Shown in Figure 2 are two modification examples, of Histone 3 lysine 27 dimethylation (H3K27me2) and Histone 3 Lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2). However, there were more than 10 other such histone modification changes caused by urban dust that all together led to an average change
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Activation of detoxification enzymes by a cress sprout extract The ability of a cress sprout extract, rich in sulforaphane, to activate enzymes that help in the skin detoxification process was investigated in an assay with normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Three antioxidant enzymes were chosen as representatives of ‘Detox’ enzymes: NADPH:quinone reductase 1 (NQO1) is a major anticarcinogenic enzyme that transforms quinones into stable hydroquinones. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is induced following exposure to oxidative stress such as UV, which indicates its role in cellular defence. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) works together with NADPH in order to control the redox balance of the cell. The keratinocytes were incubated for 24 hours with 0.05 % or 0.2 % cress sprout extract. Following incubation, the cells were harvested and total RNA was extracted. Gene expression of the detox enzymes was
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www.asdsoftware.com November 2018 PERSONAL CARE EUROPE
2% Depolluphane
Placebo
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