642


Culture, Foodways & Counseling


mooncakes in Mid-Autumn Festivals, 396b, 488, 508


Morocco, 516, 520 Mother Continent, Africa as, 121 motivational interviewing, 46–47 Muhajir people in Pakistan, 362 Muhammad, Prophet (PBUH), 592, 593, 597, 598–599


of Kenyans, 173b of Nigerians and Ghanaians, 154, 165 of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 511


mukbang video streaming of Koreans, 431 muktuk (maktak) in Alaska Native diets, 88 Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, 445, 446 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 215–216


common health concerns of, 106–107, 113, 114 in continental US, 100, 104, 113 cost of foods for, 115 counseling strategies for, 113–115 current food practices of, 112–113 ethnic and cultural diversity of, 99, 102 food and nutrition programs for, 115 historical perspectives and influences on, 100, 104–105, 107, 108, 111, 113 language of, 99, 101, 104, 114 natural disasters and climate change affecting, 106


multigenerational households of Alaska Natives, 89 of Ethiopians, 201 of Japanese, 404 of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, 107, 114


religious and spiritual beliefs of, 99, 104 resource recommendations on, 101, 115 Spam and canned foods in diet of, 105, 112 special occasion foods of, 112 stereotypes on, 36, 114 traditional food practices of, 24, 108–111 counseling on, 114–115 food preparation methods in, 108–111


Murray-Garcia, Jann, 8 music therapy, 45 Myanmar (Burma), 378, 439, 440, 476, 547 My Native Plate, 75, 75f MyPlate advice, 40, 212, 329 for Arab Americans, 535 for Asian Indians, 349 for Caribbean Hispanics, 297 for Chinese, 399 in culturally inclusive approach, 49b in culturally sensitive approach, 3 for East Asians, 375 for Filipino Americans, 459 for Hmong Americans, 473 for Japanese Americans, 417 for Korean Americans, 435 languages in, 4, 231, 271 for Pakistanis, 367 for Southeast Asians, 442 for Tai Americans, 491 for Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 511


N


Náhuas, 214 name preferences, 38, 138 of Caribbean Hispanics, 296 of Ethiopian Americans, 200 of Filipino Americans, 458 of Japanese Americans, 416 of Kenyan Americans, 182 of Korean Americans, 434 of Pakistanis, 366 of South Americans, 270 of Tai Americans, 489, 490 of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 510


of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 511


Nativity Fast in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, 569 natural disasters in Pacific Islands region, 106 naturopathy, 45, 581b Navajo language, 43 neighborhood availability and access to healthy foods in, 12, 14, 15b


Nepal, 325, 331 geography of, 326, 372 historical perspectives and influences on, 327, 328


New Testament, 557, 560, 561, 566 New Year’s celebrations of African Americans, 134, 134b of Arabs, 531b of Caribbeans, 304b of Chinese, 394, 395b, 488, 507 of Filipinos, 455 of Hmong, 469, 470b of Japanese, 414 of Jews, 614–615 of Kenyans, 180 of Koreans, 429, 430 of Mexican Americans, 226b of Muslims, 598–599 of South Americans, 265, 269 of Tais, 487–488 of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 506–508


Nassau Declaration of Health, 301 National Alliance for Hispanic Health, 211 National Arab American Heritage Month, 530–531 National Baptist Convention, 565 National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 355, 375


National Center for Cultural Competence, 3 National Center for Health Statistics, 420 National Council on Interpreting in Health Care, 33 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 215, 380, 445


National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 212 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 212


National Institutes of Health, 3, 375 National Library of Medicine, 3 National Lipid Association, 212 National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services, 4, 25


Native Diabetes Wellness Program of CDC, 65, 66 Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, 9, 55, 97–115


body mass index in, 445


immigrant population in US from, 328, 354 natural environment and resources of, 326 religious and spiritual beliefs in, 327, 577


traditional health beliefs and practices of, 107–108, 114


street foods in, 160 traditional food practices in, 147–160 beverages in, 159b common foods in, 147–150, 151b–152b, 154, 155b–156b


Nihonmachi (Japantowns), 403, 415 Nikkei Americans, 403 nirvana in Buddhism, 544, 547 nisei generation Japanese Americans, 403, 405 Noble Eightfold Path in Buddhism, 544, 545f, 546, 548, 553


nods, as nonverbal cue, 31 of Alaska Natives, 92 of Ethiopian Americans, 200 of Mexican Americans, 230


noncompliant patient, avoiding label of, 17 non-dominant groups, 10 health professionals in, 12–13 racism affecting, 13–14


traditional health beliefs and practices in, 144–145, 145b–146b


food preparation methods in, 154–155 mealtime customs and etiquette in, 160 soups and stews in, 147, 150, 151b–152b, 154, 160, 161


non-Hispanic Caribbean, 299–322.See also Com- monwealth Caribbean


social determinants of health in, 12 in social ecological models, 18 structural racism and discrimination affecting, 14


norms, 6, 7, 21–22 in dominant culture, 13 personal privacy in, 39 in subculture, 7


nonverbal communication, 30, 31–32 of Alaska Natives, 92 of Asian Indians, 348, 349 of Caribbean Americans, 296, 320 cultural competence in understanding of, 7 cultural informant verifying message in, 27 of Ethiopian Americans, 200 facial expressions in, 17b in family interactions, 46 of Filipino Americans, 458 in iceberg model of culture, 6, 6f in interpreter use, 35 of Japanese Americans, 416 of Kenyan Americans, 182 lifelong cultural learning about, 11b of Mexican Americans, 230 of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, 114 of Nigerian and Ghanaian Americans, 164 in respectful communication, 38 self-assessment of, 17b of South Americans, 270


North Africa, 515 in MENA region. See Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region


New Zealand, 97, 98, 99, 100 Nicaragua, 206, 234, 245 common health concerns in, 235 immigrant population in US from, 210, 235 popular foods in, 245b religious and spiritual beliefs in, 235 special occasion foods in, 248, 248b traditional health beliefs and practices in, 236


Nigeria


in colonial era, 143 common health concerns in, 144 communal eating practices in, 160 cultural overview of, 142–143 environment of, 142 ethnic groups and languages in, 143 immigrant population in US from, 122, 123, 142–166


population of, 142 religious and spiritual beliefs in, 143, 162 resource recommendations on, 125 special occasion foods in, 160–161


Census data on, 127 counseling strategies for, 163–165 current food practices of, 161–163 demographics of, 143 history of immigration, 143


Northeastern American Indian tribes, 56, 62, 68 geographic region of, 68f traditional foods of, 69, 69b


Northern Mariana Islands, 103, 104b complementary and alternative medicine in, 114 food and nutrition programs in, 115b special occasion foods in, 112 tourism in, 106 traditional food practices in, 109, 112


North India food practices, 342 North Korea, 371, 372, 374, 420 North Vietnam, 494, 503, 504.See also Vietnam Northwest American Indian tribes, 9, 56, 57, 62, 68 geographic region of, 68f traditional foods of, 70–71, 71b


nutritional assessment, 39–40, 41b–42b for American Indians, 73, 73b on community food environment, 15b cultural humility in, 39 in food and nutrition insecurity, 14, 14b in inequities and disparities, 12, 18 on language fluency and literacy, 38–39 in social ecological models, 18 in structural racism, 13–14


nutrition practice, 21–52 biases in, 16–17.See also biases biocultural approach in, 21–25 communication in.See communication


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