632


Culture, Foodways & Counseling


cultural identity, 1, 2, 7, 22 acculturation affecting, 23. See also acculturation in cross-cultural encounters, 16 of health professionals, 12–13


cultural immersion, 25–26 cultural inclusion, 21–52 dietary recommendations in, 49b–50b in IDEA action plan, 18, 19f importance of, 12 levels of, 18f in social ecological models, 18


cultural informants, 26, 29 on context of communication, 32 in history-taking, 40 as sensitivity readers, 37


cultural knowledge continuum of, 8f development of, 8f, 25–26 from immersion experiences, 25–26 from informants, 26 self-assessment of, 25b


LEARN model on, 39, 39b with Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, 113 self-awareness in, 8, 25, 25b


of Central Americans, 239b, 240 of Chinese, 383, 390, 391, 396 of Christians, 562b of Ethiopians, 192, 198, 201 of Filipinos, 449b, 456, 459 of Japanese, 404, 408b of Jews, 609, 610 in Ashkenazi food style, 611 in Shavuot, 616, 617


dals


Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services, 73


cultural racism, 13, 14–15 cultural sensitivity, 8f, 10–17, 21–52 addressing bias in, 16–17 assessment of, 30, 36–37 in communication, 10, 24, 30–33, 36–37 and cultural humility, 8f, 10, 21, 25 culturally inclusive approaches in, 12 definition of, 25b in ethnorelativism, 27–28, 28f food sovereignty issues in, 23 IDEA approach in, 18, 19f in Indian Health Service system, 66 ingredient choices in, 15–16 lifelong cultural learning in, 11b promoting positive encounters in, 16 in recipe adjustments, 15–16 self-awareness in, 8, 17b, 25, 25b social ecological models in, 18 standards and guidance for, 24–25


culture, 6–8


cupping practice, 45 of Hmong, 465b of Muslims, 595 of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 497, 498, 511


curanderos of Caribbean Hispanics, 284 of Central Americans, 236 of Christians, 558 of Mexicans, 217, 230


curcumin, 356 curry


cyanide in cassava, 149 D


Daeboreum celebration of Koreans, 429, 430 dairy foods in diet, 12, 14, 48, 49b of African Americans, 131b, 132, 161, 201 of Alaska Natives, 93 of American Indians, 67, 75 of Arabs, 524, 525b of Asian Indians, 334, 335, 336, 337b counseling on, 349 in immigration to US, 347 regional differences in, 342, 345


of Caribbeans Hispanic, 286b, 297 non-Hispanic, 304b, 307b


in Caribbean, 315 in India, 335 in Pakistan, 356


iceberg model of, 6, 6f, 7, 22, 25 norms in, 6, 7, 13, 21–22, 39 subcultures in, 7, 26, 38 view of traditional medicare care in, 26


of Kenyans, 173b of Koreans, 427, 432 of Mexicans and Mexican Americans, 220b, 229 of Muslims, 596, 596b of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, 108 of Nigerians and Ghanaians, 161 of Pakistanis, 356–357, 358b, 362, 367 of South Americans, 257, 258, 259b, 271 of Tais, 479, 481b of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 501, 506


dance, healing, 45 Daniel Fast in Protestantism, 565 dashi of Japanese, 411 Day of Atonement, 617–618.See also Yom Kippur Day of the Dead celebrations, 226b, 571 decision-making family dynamics in, 45–46 in motivational interviewing, 47


de-colonizing diet, 113 Deeply Rooted: A Special Report on Race and Diabetes, 3


dehydration in fasting, 599, 600, 619 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea), 371, 372, 374, 420 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. See Sri Lanka


desserts and sweet foods, 49b of African Americans, 131b of Arabs, 528b–529b, 529 of Asian Indians, 335, 341b, 349, 350 regional differences in, 342, 344, 345


of Caribbeans Hispanic, 291b, 297 non-Hispanic, 313b–314b, 321


devil’s club, as medicinal and spiritual plant, 84 dharma


diabetes


in Buddhism, 546, 548, 576 in Hinduism, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 589


in African Americans, 128, 137, 138, 139 from Ethiopia, 187, 200 from Kenya, 171 from Nigeria and Ghana, 144, 145, 163


in Alaska Natives, 81, 90, 93 in American Indians, 63, 65, 81 in Arab Americans, 522–523 in Asian Indians, 332–333, 348, 445 counseling on, 348, 350 food as medicine in, 334, 348


of Central Americans, 238 of Chinese, 393b, 394, 395 of Filipinos, 453b, 454, 456, 459 of Hmong, 469b of Japanese, 411b of Kenyans, 178b of Koreans, 426b, 427 of Mexicans, 224b of Muslims, 596b of Pakistanis, 356, 357, 360b–361b, 363, 367 of South Americans, 265, 268b–269b of Tais, 479, 480, 483b, 487 of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 501, 503b


in Asian Indian diet, 334, 336, 337b in Pakistani diet, 356


in Ethiopians, 187, 188, 200 family history of, 139 in Filipino Americans, 445, 446 in Hindus, 589 in Hmong, 462, 463, 472 in Japanese, 404 in Jews, fasting practices affecting, 619, 619b, 623 in Kenyans, 171 in Korean Americans, 420–421 in Mexican Americans, 215, 216, 217, 217b, 230 in Muslims, 599–600, 602 in Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, 106, 107, 115


in Nigerians and Ghanaians, 144, 145, 163 in Pakistanis, 354, 365, 366 self-management of. See self-management, of diabetes


Diabetes Initiative, 211 Diabetes Prevention Program, 65, 522 Diabetes Self-Management Training and Education program, 65 Diabetes Study of Northern California (DIS- TANCE), 445 Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), 226b, 571 dialects, 31, 33 interpretation of, 35 translation of, 36


dietary acculturation, 10, 11f, 23–24.See also accul- turation


dim sums in Chinese cuisine, 383 dinner foods of African Americans, 137, 181 of Arabs, 530, 533 of Asian Indians, 334 of Caribbean Hispanics, 291, 292, 293 of Central Americans, 240 regional differences in, 242, 244, 245, 246


Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (2025), 24 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 24, 48, 572 Dietetics Privilege Assessment Tool, 3 Dijibouti, 520


in South Americans, 255, 256b in South Asia, 354 teach-back method on glucometer use in, 43 in Tais, 477 in Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 496, 511


direct communication, 32, 39 Direct Health Service in Indian Health Service system, 65, 66, 66f


of Chinese, 393 of Ethiopians, 196, 198 of Filipinos, 454, 457 of Japanese, 412 of Jews on Shabbat, 612, 613b of Kenyans, 179, 181 of Koreans, 429, 432 of Mexicans and Mexican Americans, 224–225 of Nigerians and Ghanaians, 147 of Pakistanis, 363 of South Americans, 260 of Tais, 485 of Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians, 505, 506


in Caribbeans, 283, 296, 301–302 in Central Americans, 235–236 in Chinese, 379, 380, 390 counseling on, 398, 399 traditional health beliefs on, 380, 381b, 382, 383b, 389, 398


community health-focused programs in, 139


Diversity Style Guide, 3 Diwali (Festival of Lights), 318b, 346, 364, 586b Doll Festival (Hinamatsuri), 414 dominant culture, 7, 10, 12–13 Dominican Republic, 210, 276, 281 common health concerns in, 236, 283–284 historical influences on, 282 immigrant population in US from, 279, 282


discrimination, 10, 13, 14 disparities in health and nutrition, 12, 12b, 13–14 Diversify Dietetics, 3 Diversifying MyPlate Series, 3 diversity, 8–10 definition of, 9b and equity and inclusion, 8–9, 9b in ethnorelativism, 27–28, 28f respect for, 28f, 30 and sensitivity review of communication, 30, 36–37


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