Spiritual beliefs and practices can positively influence— or impede—a person’s understanding of illness as well as their healing and their motivation for health care. Religious beliefs also can lead a person to a sense of fatalism, that one’s health status is beyond personal control and simply reflects God’s wishes.23
While many Latinos are Roman Catholic,
some also may embrace magico-religious beliefs, meaning a belief in supernatural forces that inflict illness on humans,
sometimes as punishment for sins, in the form of evil spirits or disease-bearing foreign objects. Te practice of casting an “evil eye” to inflict a curse has African roots. Some Hispanic cultures originating in South Amer-
ica may also believe that illness develops as a result of an imbalance between the opposing powers of “hot” and “cold.” Based on this principle, foods and health conditions are identified as hot or cold and relate to physical or mental
Spanish/Portuguese name Ajo/alho
for Self-Treatment of Diabetes and Other Conditions in South America20–22 English name Garlic
Description/preparation Fresh garlic mashed and diluted in water Avocado
Artichoke Eggplant Carqueja Onion
Breakstone (chanca piedra)
Dandelion Birdweed
Eucalyptus
Graviola tree Pau d’arco Lemon
Green apples Pata-de-vaca tree
Picão preto herb (a tropical plant)
Sage Stevia
South America except Brazil: salads and sandwiches Brazil: mixed with milk and sugar
Herbal tea from base leaves of artichoke Eggplant juice with lemon and water Herbal tea from leaves of carqueja plant Onion juice diluted with water
Herbal tea from leaves of chanca piedra (breakstone) herb Juice from dandelion leaves Tea from Struthanthus flexicaulis leaves
Tea from eucalyptus leaves Tea from leaves of graviola tree
Tea from inner bark of pau d’arco tree
Lemon juice; the number of lemons used each day increases progressively
Whole fresh green apples (believed to also help with gastro- intestinal problems and to lower blood cholesterol)
Herbal tea from leaves of pata-de-vaca tree Juice from leaves of picão preto herb
Tea made from sage leaves (may also be burned to create smoke, which is believed to help to purify the spiritual energy of people and the environment)
Natural sweetener a While typical in some regions and by some populations, these remedies may not be used in some parts of South America.