Geography China today covers most of East Asia’s landmass bordering Russia to the north, Central Asia to the west and northwest, South Asia to the southwest, and Southeast Asia to the south. Mountain ranges define many of the region’s borders, including the Himalayas in Tibet, often called the rooftop of the world, the Altay Mountains flanking Russia to the north, and the Tian Shan Mountains outlining part of Central Asia. Tibet (an autonomous region of China) and Nepal (a country in South Asia) create a western divide. To the east and southeast lies the Pacific Ocean. North and South Korea exist on a peninsula, bordering northeast China and far western Russia. As island entities, Japan and Taiwan encompass both bigger and many smaller islands. Except for Mongolia, which is landlocked, all East Asian nations are Pacific Rim countries.
Natural Environment and Resources East Asia spans vast distances from north to south and includes elevations from high to low. Te land in East Asia varies as well and includes continental, peninsular, or insular (island) geographies. Mongolia and northern and western China are continental, with areas dominated by rugged mountains, steppe lands, high plateaus, and arid deserts that come from the mountains’ rain shadow. While China and both North and South Korea are well endowed with natural resources, Japan lacks enough natural resources to meet its industrial demands, leading to a heavy reliance on imports. Variations in climate and ecosystems across East Asia
lead to diverse food production. Te temperate climate in many areas, including warm summers and cold winters, supports agriculture similar to the US, with most rainfall in the summer months. Tis climate is ideal for growing
Longsheng Rice Terraces near the of the Dazhai village in the province of Guangxi, in China.