Identify the types and amounts of starchy foods typically con- sumed. Rice, corn-based items, root vegetables, and breads are very common in Central American meal patterns. Encourage reducing portion sizes if needed and varying choices to include more nonstarchy vegetable options in meals.
Suggest including brown rice for part (or all) the rice to add more fiber when making rice and beans or other dishes with rice.
Suggest ways to cook beans and other foods with less fat or with healthier fats in place of lard, which is common in Central American cooking.
Encourage sautéing or stir-frying rather than deep-frying (and perhaps refrying) to cook foods such as plantains. Consider recommending an air fryer to cook traditional foods that are usually deep-fried.
251
Encourage alternatives to high-fat and often high-sodium pro- cessed meat products such as pork rind (cuerito), sausage, or salted pig tail, often used for flavoring. Suggest smoked turkey meat or liquid smoke instead. Recommend rinsing canned beans to help reduce sodium.
Discuss lean protein options such as lean cuts of pork and beef, eggs, chicken or turkey, and fish, when affordable. Reinforce the nutritional benefits of beans (red, black, and other varieties) in tra- ditional mixed dishes and beans-and-rice dishes as good protein and fiber sources.
Encourage the person being counseled and their family to continue home cooking if that has been their practice and because it allows ingredient control. If possible, incorporate hands-on strategies into nutrition counseling, such as food shopping and label reading. Learning how to modify traditional recipes can potentially help reinforce nutrition guidance and enhance understanding.