SKIN MICROBIOME
and 6% concentrations) or control for two days. At the end of this period, each strain had multiplied to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and a biofilm structure. A crystal violet stain was then used to
analyse the biofilm according to defined absorbance measurements. At testing concentrations, xylitol was shown to support the colonisation of beneficial S. epidermidis, but not S. aureus (Figure 5). The second experiment evaluated the
impact of xylitol on microbiome diversity in both the early and late growth phase.9
It focused
on six different bacterial strains that are known to be present in the human microbiome and grow at different rates. All six were mixed and grown together in-vitro for one day, with either 2% xylitol, 4% xylitol or control. Given the limited capacity of optimal-
density measurement conventionally used in monoculture to determine the relative abundance of the final pool of microorganisms, a metagenomic DNA sequencing technique was used to identify the relative abundance of the known microorganisms. In the early growth phase, the 4% xylitol
addition to the media was found to help maintain microbiome diversity. This demonstrated that six strains were recovered. This compares to just four strains recovered in the control. This distinction can largely be attributed
to the fact that certain fast-growing strains overtake less prolific types and force them to disappear. The clear result demonstrates the
Source: IFF’s Health & Biosciences, Personal Care, 2022
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
TAXON DETECTED
Control 4
29
Control
2% Genencare XL
2% Genencare XL 4% Genencare XL 6
5 STAINS
4% Genencare XL
Malassezia furfur Propionibacterium acnes Straphylococcus capitis Straphylococcus hominis Straphylococcus epidermidis Straphylococcus mitis
Figure 6: Strain diversity change measurement over one day following the addition of xylitol shows that it helps to maintain microbiome diversity when added in early growth phase
ability of xylitol to support a more diverse microbiome (Figure 6).
Refreshing sensory effect It’s also important to note that xylitol has been shown to provide an additional cooling effect to the skin when used in powder form.13
This is
due to an endothermic reaction that takes place when the polyol crystals come into contact
with water. This characteristic is unique to polyols, with xylitol known to demonstrate the highest energy development and the strongest perceivable cooling effect. What is interesting is that the personal care
sector is only just beginning to embrace this property in skin care applications, despite it having long been recognised and applied to great effect in oral care.
www.personalcaremagazine.com
September 2022 PERSONAL CARE
Strains diversity change
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