SUN CARE
enzyme. Brevibacteria, Corynebacteria and Micrococci do have the endo-inulinase enzyme necessary to digest inulin. During sun exposure, at least these members could be directly supported. Since in a healthy microbiota, all protective members cooperate with each other, it could be that these three inulin-loving microbes support the other members. To test this hypothesis, a unique prebiotic
was designed. High molecular weight inulin from Cichorium intybus is mixed with high molecular weight inulin from Agave tequilana (HMW inulin). In the chicory-inulin, the fructose is connected through b(2,1) bounds. On the other hand, the fructose in the agave-inulin is connected through b(2,1) and b(2,6) bounds. The high molecular weight inulin provides
a huge amount of energy to the microbes, while the presence of two different fructose bounds supports multiple members of the skin microbiota, not just the above three mentioned microbes.
The influence of HMW inulin on skin microbiota To investigate the above prebiotic hypothesis, the following test was conducted. The test persons were exposed to the sun at 11am during the months of June and July. One forearm was exposed to the sun cream, without the HMW inulin (placebo), while the other forearm was treated with the sun cream containing 2% HMW inulin. In both cases, 2mg/cm2
was applied. Before the test, none of the test persons
were exposed to sunlight for 24 hours. The time of exposure was 20 minutes. To quantify the skin microbiota, an Agar-TTC slide was pressed firmly for one minute over a skin surface of 10 cm2. The quantification of the skin microbiota was performed prior to the exposure, immediately after the exposure, two hours and four hours after sun exposure. The bacteria and fungi were monitored
separately. The initial measured concentration was equated to 100%. To profile the skin microbiota, the surface of the skin was sampled prior to the sun exposure. The sample was taken by swapping firmly a DNA/RNA-Shield swap (Zymo Research) over the skin surface of approximately 6 cm2
for one minute. Since all
volunteers were healthy this procedure reveals the initially healthy, balanced skin microbiome. A second sample was taken four hours after sun exposure. The effect of sunlight on the bacterial
members is shown in Figure 3. With or without HMW inulin, the bacteria all died. Even after two hours, the prebiotic did not make a difference, but after four hours the skin microbiota is almost fully recovered with the HMW inulin. Without HMW inulin, the skin microbiota is only half recovered in the number of microbes. Figure 4, which shows the results of the
profiling of the skin microbiota, focuses on four groups of protective skin microbiota members: Cutibacteria, S. epidermidis, Corynebacteria, and Micrococci. The 0% line means that there is no change compared to the initial skin microbiota, prior to the sun exposure. It is quite convincing that the sun cream
without HMW inulin was not able to support the
www.personalcaremagazine.com
250 200 150 100 50 0
Without HMW Inulin-SPF30 ■ With HMW Inulin-SPF30 ■ 250 250
200 150 100 100
107
0 T: 0min
0 T: 20min
protective microbiota. All protective members were significantly reduced. The sun cream with HMW Inulin significantly supports three groups: Cutibacteria, Corynebacteria and Micrococci. The surprise came from the fungi. Although
they also all died, regardless of the use of HMW inulin, after two hours the skin contained 2.5 times more fungi than initially measured. It was obvious from the cultivation on the AGAR medium that they were not the fungi members of the initial healthy skin microbiota. Four hours later, only with the HMW inulin, the invading fungi were pushed back. The results of the fungi of this study are shown in Figure 5.
Discussion The endlessly resourceful skin microbiota does not survive the lethal sunlight, which is a combination of UV light and heat. The skin microbiota is far from resourceful after sun exposure. Neither a sun cream SPF30 nor a high molecular weight prebiotic could prevent the sun disaster. The skin is left all alone and unprotected.
All soothing, repairing, protecting, immunomodulating, anti-ageing, hydrating and free radical scavenging, are normally performed by the skin microbiota has vanished within just 20 minutes of sun exposure. Even four hours after sun exposure the skin
microbiota is not back on track. After four hours the skin is mainly populated with transient microbiota which offers no protection, does not communicate with the skin’s immune cells, or does not upregulate anything beneficial in the skin. It is also obvious that the skin is completely invaded with opportunistic fungi, which exhaust the skin. Fungi are indeed very efficient in colonizing
different types of surfaces. Now that the skin is left without any guardian, fungi have free rein. The total damaging effect on the protective skin is a forgotten and understudied adverse effect of sunlight. The reason why the sun causes photoageing,
dehydration, the appearance of pigment spots and initiation of (deadly) melanomas is not just because of the damage to the skin, but also because of the genocide on the skin microbiota. The skin has lost its most resourceful ally. Usually, this skin microbiota replenishes all deficiencies that may occur in the skin, in both the epidermis and dermis. The powerful prebiotic could unfortunately
T: 2h T: 4h Figure 5: The evolution of the viability of the fungi of the skin microbiota with and without HMW inulin
not prevent sun damage on the skin microbiota. After consideration this was logical. First, the microorganisms need to produce the inulinase, then this enzyme needs to unlock the fructose. This takes some time. A time that the skin microbiota doesn’t have during sun exposure. UV light is also mutagenic, which means that the normal functioning of the microorganism is jeopardized. Maybe they could not even produce the necessary enzymes to eat inulin anymore. However, the HMW inulin was particularly efficient in supporting the rise of the resident and protective microbiota. With this HMW inulin, the skin regains its powerful alley again. In that case, the skin recovers faster and is again more efficiently protected.
Conclusion The use of preBIULIN® AGA in sun protection is an innovative and effective strategy to offer a more holistic approach. This HMW inulin is particularly efficient in daycare, as it is important that the skin microbiota has enough time in contact with this inulin. In this way, the protective microorganisms
have the necessary time to produce the enzymes to digest the inulin, before being exposed to the destructive sunlight. In this way, the skin and the skin microbiota are optimally prepared for the challenges of the day. It is also particularly effective to incorporate HMW inulin in after suns and night creams to give an extra boost to the slowly recovering microbiota. The incorporation of HMW inulin in sun
care is an interesting strategy. Through sun protection creams this Inulin can immediately provide first aid after a sun disaster. It is obvious to take the skin and the skin microbiota into account when developing skin protection against the sun. One needs the other.
PC
References 1. Schwarz T. The dark and the sunny sides of UVR-induced immunosuppression: photoimmunology revisited. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2010; 130 49-54
2. Nakatsuji et al. A commensal strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis protects against skin neoplasia. Sci. Adv. 2018; 4
3. Andersson et al. Common skin bacteria protect their host from oxidative stress through secreted antioxidant RoxP. Sci. Rep. 2019 Mar 5;9(1):3596
March 2024 PERSONAL CARE
Relative amount of fungi %
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112
