80 TEXTURES
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
0 100 200 300 Time (s)
n Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate (Perlastan SC 25 NKW) + Coco Glucoside (1:1) n Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate (Perlastan SC 25 NKW) n Coco Glucoside
Figure 10: Investigation of the foam stability of sodium cocoyl glutamate (Perlastan SC 25 NKW), coco glucoside and their equivalent mixture (active content of 3 g/l).
decrease of dynamic SFT in solutions (active content of 1 g/l) of sodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate and their combination with coco glucoside (1:1). The results show that the coco glucoside demonstrates a steep curve in dynamic measurements. The conclusion may be drawn that it is showing a faster diffusion of surfactant molecules to the surface and thus a higher efficiency as a surface active agent. Sodium cocoyl glutamate (SC 25 NKW) seems to develop its surface activity more slowly. However, the equivalent combination of coco glucoside and sodium cocoyl glutamate (1:1) gives not only a reduction of the total CMC in static tensiometry, (Fig 2) but also causes a more
n Formulation A (with SC 25 NKW) n Formulation B (with SC 25 NKW) n Market Product (with SLES/CAPB)
Figure 11 a: Foam stability of Formulations A and B with sodium cocoyl glutamate (Perlastan SC 25 NKW) and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (Perlastan L-30) as well as market product (with SLES/CAPB) (active content of 3 g/l).
rapid reduction of dynamic SFT compared to pure N-acyl glutamate. Surprisingly, the addition of 1% xanthan gum as a thickener to the 1:1 mixture results in a more rapid reduction of dynamic SFT resulting in an effectivity almost equal to pure coco glucoside. A possible explanation for this synergistic effect may be the change in micellar structure by adding a thickening polymer. This may be presumed to cause a reduction of the average micelle size and hence an increase of the number of micelles. If there are more micelles available, a single surfactant molecule diffuses more rapidly to the newly formed surface by migrating in a shorter distance. The interaction between sodium cocoyl
glutamate, coco glucoside and xanthan gum thereby leads to a particularly effective cleansing performance. The mixture of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (L-30) and coco glucoside (1:1) also leads to a particularly strong reduction of dynamic SFT while the pure solution of sarcosinate surfactant shows a relatively slow decrease of SFT (Fig 5). Additional coco glucoside greatly increases efficacy and the resulting measuring curve is almost equal to SC 25 NKW/coco glucoside mixture. Although the pure solutions SC 25 NKW and L-30 are different in their dynamic behaviour, both show a much higher efficiency as a surfactant in combination with coco glucoside.
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 Time (s)
n Formulation A (with SC 25 NKW) n Formulation B (with SC 25 NKW) n Market Product (with SLES/CAPB)
Figure 11 b: Investigation of the foaming ability of Formulations A and B with sodium cocoyl glutamate (Perlastan SC 25 NKW) and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (Perlastan L-30) as well as market product (with SLES/CAPB) (active content of 3 g/l).
PERSONAL CARE EUROPE 15 20
Foaming behaviour For a consumer, one of the most important visible indicators of a good cleansing performance is a good foam formation. Rich foaming is associated with good cleansing ability while low foam is not. Good foaming also demonstrates visibly that the product is available to spread over the skin. To investigate foam characteristics of Perlastan surfactants a manual Ross-Miles test was carried out (Fig 6). This test was performed to determine foam ability and foam stability of surfactant solutions with an active content of 3 g/l (above the CMC). A defined volume of foam was generated by a foam dispenser and the foam height was measured as a function of time.9
The developed foam
height of Perlastan surfactants is in a general equivalent to high foaming standard surfactants such as sulphates and betaines. It is a positive additional effect that these surfactants form foams that are extremely stable and microporous in structure. In an additional test where
September 2018 400 500 600
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
0 100 200 300 Time (s) 400 500 600
Foam/Liquid Height (mm)
Foam/Liquid Height (mm)
Foam/Liquid Height (mm)
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112