The third kind of noun phrase in the Noticing grammar patterns on page 67 is much longer than the other two. It has space for more ideas. It is often used when ideas are first introduced, to give more details.


The other noun phrases are shorter. They can be used to repeat ideas from the longer noun phrase later in the text. They give a summary of the ideas, so they do not need to contain all the information.


Example: the use of computer-based methods for teaching g computer-based teaching


Task 6 Practising grammar patterns Complete the related noun phrases below by writing suitable words in each gap. The ideas in italics in the first column do not need to be repeated in columns 2 and 3.


introducing ideas


the + noun + of + noun + prepositional phrase


a the use of computers in classrooms b for learning c the technology


d the introduction of technology into classrooms


e by a lecturer of teachers by computers


summarizing ideas doing noun + noun


summarizing ideas noun + noun


computer computers evaluating computers replacing evaluation teacher replacement


technology introduction


reviewing a book a book review


Self study Discussion


• Look again at Sources 1−4 on pages 66 and 67. Which sources have a formal style and which have an informal style? How do you know?


Task 7 Analyzing writing style


Look again at Sources 1−4. Use the information about noun phrases from Tasks 5 and 6 to help you think about the questions below. a


1 Which sources mainly talk about ideas? 2 Which ones mainly talk about people?


b 1 Which sources generally use long noun phrases as the starting point of sentences?


2 Which ones use only short noun phrases?


Choose a text from the Internet or one that you have read in class. Analyze the style. Is it formal, informal, or a mixture of both? Find the noun phrases that are the subjects of the sentences. Decide if they name people, objects, activities/ processes or ideas. Which noun phrase pattern do they have? Compare the noun phrases in your text with the noun phrases in the table from Task 6.


68 ACCESS EAP: Foundations • Unit 4


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