CHEN: No, it’s not politics. My lecturers talk about the Information Revolution. It’s a huge change in technology. Because, you know, 30 years ago we didn’t have PCs or mobile phones or the Internet. What would life be like without these things now? Terrible!
GUY: Oh, OK, you probably mean the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century.
MAYSOUN: Yes, that’s one they talk about. Climate change started with the Industrial Revolution. What was the Industrial Revolution?
GUY: It’s like Chen says, a big change in technology. In the 1840s, steam engines were the new technology. They made industries more productive – it changed the way people worked – but they used a lot of coal, which caused pollution.
MAYSOUN: I think I see. The Industrial Revolution was a big change but it was bad for the environment. Now we have to convert to renewable energy, which is good for the environment. It’s another big change.
CHEN: Yes, maybe it’s called the Green Revolution? Green for the environment.
MAYSOUN: No, actually I know about the Green Revolution. That was in the 1960s, when they started using tractors and fertilizer and pesticides to grow cereals. You can increase farm production, but it uses a lot more energy, too. It was like the Industrial Revolution, but in the countryside, not in the factories.
Unit 6, Lesson 4, Task 2
JENIFER: So, Guy, let’s look at your writing. What are you unhappy about?
GUY: Well, I put some ideas from my textbook in my introduction, but I’m not sure I did this in the right way.
JENIFER: Well, let’s talk about the easy things first. Did you show in your text which parts you borrowed? Do you know how to do that? GUY: Not really. I think I have to give a reference.
JENIFER: Yes, that’s right. You need a short reference in the text – we call that an in-text reference – to show your reader the part you borrowed – and you also need a full reference at the end of your essay so that your reader can find and read the same textbook. So for your textbook, the short reference would be …?
GUY: Dyson, 2008?
JENIFER: Good, that’s right, and you need to put that in brackets to separate it from the other parts of your text. Now, what about the full reference for the end? Remember, your reader has to be able to find the book – so what information do they need?
GUY: The author and the date, erm, and the title of the book, too, I guess.
JENIFER: Yes, that’s right, but they need the author’s full name – the family name first, and then the initials – and they also need the publisher and the place where the book was published.
212 ACCESS EAP: Foundations Key words
unhappy about to give a reference a short reference an in-text reference a full reference the publisher
Key words
revolution politics government industrial climate change steam engines coal renewable energy tractors fertilizer pesticides cereals
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