Task 1 Practising grammar patterns for data and claims


1.1 For each of the short titles below, make a sentence which explains exactly what the figure shows. Use the sentence starting points below each title. Make sure you write long noun phrases to label the data accurately.


a Figure 2: Sources of income in 2010 Figure 2 compares the amount of


.


b Table 1: Courses applied for by overseas students Table 1 shows the trends in


.


1.2 Look back to the report on page 159. Rewrite each of the sentences you wrote in Exercise 1.1 to show Roy Williams’ main claim.


a Figure 2 shows that . b Table 1 shows that .


1.3 Study the data on page 157 again, and write another claim for each figure. a Figure 2 shows that


. b Table 1 shows that . Noticing grammar patterns


Reporting trends Trends look back over the past from the present. Table 1, on page 157, uses data for three different years to show how numbers of applications have changed. The change can be described using verbs or nouns.


patterns with verb no change


increase decrease


}


increase decrease


}


verb + adjective verb + adverb


examples


The number of applications has remained stable.


The number of applications has risen significantly.


The number of applications has fallen sharply.


patterns with noun


adjective + noun


examples


There has been a significant rise in the number of applications. There has been a sharp fall in the number of applications.


For general trends with no specific time, the verb form is usually the present perfect. For trends which specify the beginning and end of a period in the past, the verb form is the simple past.


Example: The number of applications for management courses has remained stable. From 2008 to 2009, the number of applications for management courses remained stable.


ACCESS EAP: Foundations • Unit 9


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