Noticing language


Key features of academic writing In Unit 1, you learnt about formal words in academic writing (language).


In Unit 4, you learnt that academic writing is mainly about ideas and not people (content), and often has longer noun phrases containing more ideas than other writing (language and organization).


Task 7 Analyzing academic writing


Look again at page 151. Compare Xiaohua’s new first and last paragraphs with her first draft, and answer the questions below.


a What differences are there in terms of ideas, including references to people and task achievement?


b What differences are there in organization from general to specific? How is the organization better in the new draft?


c Which draft has longer sentences? d Which draft has longer noun phrases? e Which draft has more general nouns? f What differences are there in cause–effect language patterns?


Study smart


Do you need to make similar changes to the ones Xiaohua made to improve your academic writing? Which changes are important for you?


Task 8 Writing: redrafting


Look back to Xiaohua’s complete first draft on pages 148 and 149. Redraft one of the middle paragraphs for her by completing the exercises below. a Make notes on the cause–effect links from the paragraph using a flow diagram.


b Use one of the new first sentences below to help you to redraft the paragraph in about 100 words. Keep Xiaohua’s original ideas, but expand her examples. Remember that the paragraphs should fit with the new first and last paragraphs on page 151.


Paragraph 2 The greenhouse effect is a very important factor in global warming.


Paragraph 3 Global climate change is having serious impacts on global water systems.


Paragraph 4 Global climate change is also having serious impacts on the land.


Task 9 Writing


Write a short answer to the question What is the link between pollution, health and economic development? Write about 300 words for another student to read.


152 ACCESS EAP: Foundations • Unit 8 Self study


Read Guy’s essay on the co-operative movement on pages 154 and 155. Make notes on the factors that contributed to the movement’s decline in the 20th


century.


Use cause-effect flow diagrams like the ones you saw in Lessons 1 and 4.


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