Task 1 Reading for writer’s purpose


Texts 1 and 2 both give the same information. However, the texts have different purposes. Answer the questions below.


a Which text tells the reader what to do? (This text gives instructions.) b Which text tells the reader how something is done? (This text describes a process.) c Which type of function – instructions or process – did you use to answer this question?


Task 2 Noticing grammar patterns Look at Texts 1 and 2 again and answer the questions below.


a Find and circle three purpose statements in Text 1 and three in Text 2. b Underline the noun phrases in each text.


c What are the differences in language patterns between the instructions text (1) and the process text (2)?


Noticing grammar patterns


Sentence patterns Simple sentences in English have two parts: a starting point and a comment to say something new. In an instructions text and a process text, the sentences have a different starting point, so the way the sentences are organized is different. The verb form is also different.


instructions example sentence


sentence starting point a verb sentence pattern verb form


Task 3 Thinking critically Look at the noun phrases + verbs below. Tick


process Heat + the solution. The solution + is heated. a noun phrase (names something)


verb + noun phrase noun phrase + verb active heat


passive is heated


the real sentences. Cross


the


sentences which are not real. Change them into real sentences where necessary. a The sand and salt mixture is put. b The water is evaporated. c The salt is dissolved. d The mixture is poured. e The sand and the salt are separated.


Noticing grammar patterns


Verbs with prepositional phrases Some verbs, like put and pour, need something to complete them. You can use prepositional phrases (preposition + noun phrase) to describe position and movement, e.g., on the top floor and round the running track. In processes and instructions, a prepositional phrase can complete verbs like put and pour with this essential information, e.g., The sand and salt mixture is put into water.


40 ACCESS EAP: Foundations • Unit 3


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