Unit 5, Lesson 1, Task 5
DR CHARLES: Today, I’m going to talk about the water cycle, although we should refer to it by the technical name ‘hydrologic cycle’, that’s H-Y- D-R-O-L-O-G-I-C.
First, I’ll give a brief outline of the basic cycle to remind you about what I’m sure you already know from school. Then we’ll start looking at the different stages in the cycle in much more detail, in particular at the roles played by geology and vegetation in the process.
There are three main stages in the hydrologic cycle. Let’s start where most water – something over 90 per cent – is stored on the earth, the ocean. In the first stage, water is evaporated from the surface of the ocean by the heat of the sun and by air movement. The resulting water vapour is carried in the atmosphere, often visibly as clouds. When clouds reach land, in particular hills, the water condenses and falls as rain. This stage is known as precipitation, that’s P-R-E-C-I-P-I-T-A-T-I-O-N. In the final stage, runoff, that’s the two words run and off together as one word, some of the water runs from the land back into the ocean through river networks.
Unit 5, Lesson 1, Task 6
Next, the code (the computer program) is written. In other words, the functional description of the system is converted into instructions that computers can follow. This is called the implementation stage, and is often the shortest in the process. At this stage, each programmer’s purpose is to make the program efficient, adaptable and bug-free.
Unit 5, Lesson 5, Task 1 GUY: Hello, you two! How’s it going? CHEN: Not bad, not bad. But too much work! MAYSOUN: Me too. So many new ideas and new words to learn. GUY: Don’t your lecturers explain them?
MAYSOUN: Yes, mostly, but so quickly! And I have to remember them all.
CHEN: Sometimes I think I know a word, so I don’t pay enough attention in a lecture, and then I find out it means something special in computing and I feel a bit lost.
GUY: Give us an example.
CHEN: Fields and gates. I know about gates; old Chinese cities have gates. This university’s called Gate-way. But in computing, logic gates are electronic. They control what a computer does with information. And fields are nothing to do with farmers.
MAYSOUN: Yes, I thought a sink was in the kitchen where I wash the dishes! But in ecology, a sink is somewhere that something’s stored, like heat or carbon. There are so many new technical words in my courses. I’ve started a different vocab notebook for every module. One for
208 ACCESS EAP: Foundations Key words
logic gates control a sink carbon
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