BODY CARE
TABLE 3: FORMULATION OF 20% CITREPEL 75 EMULSION IN WATER Ingredient List
CAS No.
Aqua (Water) Citrepel® 75
PEG 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Xanthan Gum
7732-18-5
2304455-69-2 61788-85-0 11138-66-2
useful protection times of skin applied repellents through the controlled release of PMD and can also be employed in the impregnation of (outdoor) fabrics, e.g. mosquito nets and tents. The Java citronella oil used as the essential
oil feedstock for the Citrepel 75, PMD based active, is extracted from the Java Citronella plant using simple wood-fired steam distillation – often at the farm itself, with minimal capital equipment cost on apparatus built and operated by the farmers themselves (Figure 4). Waste from the distillation can be used for
several purposes – compost, animal feed, plant growth media or fuel for the distillation The extracted oil is taken from the farms in re-
usable containers to centralised, local collection points and transported for further processing at a nearby refining facility. The fractionation of the oil is fuelled by sustainable timber and waste material from timber processing. The fractionation of Citronella oil
produces the refined feedstock oil, enriched to a consistently high, controllable level of Citronellal - the pre-cursor for PMD. Other fractions unsuitable for PMD production are rich in Geraniol and can be used as natural alternatives to synthetic Geraniol in scents for detergents and personal care products. The
71
EINECS 231-791-2
234-394-2
% Total 75.4 20.0 4.5 0.1
ashes from the wood fired furnace are then used in fertiliser for the future crops. Citronella oil is a key product in Indonesia’s
essential oil industry and is particularly popular among farmers due to its relatively easy cultivation compared to other essential oil-bearing plants. The fast-growing perennial Cymbopogon
winterianus crop can grow in poor or marginal land up to 700 metres, providing hillside farmers with good income from commercial crops, all year round and flexible land use - something that can be a driver for eco– preservation projects in other developing countries, e.g. the reduction of deforestation. The Indonesian Essential Oil Council has
been actively promoting Circular Economy practices in recent years. This initiative aims to enhance sustainability within the industry – the purpose of this to maximize the use of resources by minimizing waste and reusing or upcycling materials.
Conclusion In summary, second-generation PMDRBO- based insect repellent actives, derived from renewable, ethically sourced and sustainable feedstocks are offering insect repellent
Figure 4: The rudimentary steam distillation apparatus used to extract citronella oil
producers a highly consistent, cost effective, COSMOS-certified raw material that is a clinically proven alternative to all of the established synthetic materials available today. The ease of cold process formulation in
water-based, solvent-free systems is adding an additional dimension to natural repellent offerings in terms of safety in use for infants and customers with sensitive skin and the green (sustainable) packaging options available to manufacturers and brand owners.
PC
Figure 5: Circular economy practice for citronella oil production
www.personalcaremagazine.com October 2024 PERSONAL CARE
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