ANTI-POLLUTION 100% 100% 100% 80% 92% 60% 93% 74% 40%


63% 63%


74% 92% 93%


43 carnosic acid. Phytochemistry. 2015; 115:9-19


5. Offord EA, Gautier JC, Avanti O et al. Photoprotective potential of lycopene, beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and carnosic acid in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2002; 32(12):1293-1303


6. Park M, Han J, Lee CS et al. Carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene from rosemary, prevents UV-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Exp. Dermatol. 2013; 22(5):336-341


20%


7. Oh J, Yu T, Choi SJ et al. Syk/Src pathway- targeted inhibition of skin inflammatory responses by carnosic acid. Mediators Inflamm. 2012; 781375


0% UVA


0.003% BHT


tocopherols


0.003% Mixed


Cosphaderm Tocopharin


0.003%


Cosphaderm Tocopharin


Figure 3: Fluorometrically determined relative ROS quantity in human keratinocytes after 24- hour incubation with the test substances and subsequent two-hour UVA irradiation. Statistical significance is indicated by * for p < 0.05 and ** for p < 0.01


Biomolecules. 2015; 5(2):545-589


2. Pillai S, Oresajo C, Hayward J. Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation-induced matrix degradation - a


review. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2005; 27(1):17-34


3. Petruk G, Del Giudice R, Rigano MM et al. Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2018; 1454936


4. Birtić S, Dussort P, Pierre FX et al. (2015) 0.03%


8. Reuter J, Jocher A, Hornstein S et al. Sage extract rich in phenolic diterpenes inhibits ultraviolet-induced erythema in vivo. Planta Med. 2007; 73(11):1190-1191


9. Tada M, Ohkanda T, Kurabe J. Syntheses of carnosic acid and carnosol, anti-oxidants in Rosemary, from pisiferic acid, the major constituent of Sawara. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 2010; 58(1):27-29


10. Loussouarn M, Krieger-Liszkay A, Svilar L et al. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol, Two Major Antioxidants of Rosemary, Act through Different Mechanisms. Plant Physiol. 2017; 175(3):1381-1394


11. Valgimigli L. Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Protection. Biomolecules. 2013; 13(9):1291


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