TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES


produced by fermentation using Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria that consume sugar and/ or rapeseed oil, depending on the process and strain. There are two structural types: mono- rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, which consist of one or two hydrophilic rhamnose groups respectively, which again can be tailored. However, there are two challenges.


Pseudomonas is a human pathogen and must be deactivated and removed from the finished product. They also produce low production yields, making rhamnolipids difficult to produce, yet an increasing number of companies now produce them on a commercial scale. Sophorolipids, also a subgroup of


glycolipids, are produced by fermentation using Starmerella bombicola yeast that consumes glucose and rapeseed oil. These biosurfactants consist of a hydrophilic acetylated and/or non- acetylated sophorose segment that is attached to a hydrophobic differently unsaturated lipid chain with a terminal carboxylic acid function. These molecules either form a closed


lactone ring via internal esterification or are present with a free carboxylic acid group, which turns the molecule from a nonionic into an anionic surfactant. It should be noted that commercially available products always contain a mixture of lactonic and acidic sophorolipids. For example, the sophorolipid product


range, recently launched by Sasol, consists of two 60% active product types including a lower foaming high-lactonic sophoropipid type


Figure 1: Appearance of commercially available sophorolipids biosurfactants; CARINEX SL L, a lower foaming high-lactonic sophorolipids type (left); CARINEX SL A, a higher foaming high-acidic sophorolipids type (right)


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November 2023 PERSONAL CARE


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