TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
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-27% *
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Figures 5 & 6: Normal human keratinocytes, on the one hand, and normal human fibroblasts, on the other hand, were treated for 24 hours with the holy basil (HB) polyphenols at 0.001% and 0.005% dm or with the reference antioxidant, 200 µM vitamin E. Oxidative stress was then induced by incubation for 1 hour in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide at 200 or 50 µM. Lipid peroxides were revealed by labeling with the BODIPY 581/591 C11 probe; intracellular fluorescence was measured
responses, allowing the body to adapt to stress. Excessive cortisol levels can lead to impaired immune and inflammatory responses; impaired stratum corneum integrity and epidermal barrier function; increased ROS production and DNA damage, contributing factors to skin ageing.12 Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive species
involved in the regulation of skin homeostasis. Low levels of NO are important for cellular communication and the regulation of many biological functions, but high levels of NO are generally associated with oxidative stress, capable of activating the inflammatory response and inhibiting mitochondrial respiration.13 Holy basil polyphenols were evaluated in a
model reproducing the effects of psychological stress on the skin by treatment of keratinocytes with cortisol and quantification of NO as a biomarker of induced stress. Figure 4 shows holy basil polyphenols
significantly inhibited the production of NO induced in keratinocytes by cortisol stress. The polyphenols thus display the potential to counterbalance the harmful effects of emotional/psychological stress on skin homeostasis.
O2 CONSUMPTION
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+103% +80% +44%
Figure 7: Changes in glutathione (GSH) content in menadione-stressed fibroblasts. Normal human fibroblasts were treated for 24 hours with holy basil (HB) polyphenols at 0.001% and 0.005% dm or with the reference antioxidant, 10 mM N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC). Oxidative stress was then induced by incubation for 4 hours in the presence of 25 μM menadione. The GSH stock was monitored using the Monochlorobimane fluorescent probe (Mbi); intracellular fluorescence, proportional to the amount of GSH, was measured
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation ROS are the main activators of lipid peroxidation, which mainly target polyunsaturated lipids bound to the cell membrane. Holy basil polyphenols significantly inhibited oxidative stress-induced lipid
ATP PRODUCTION
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peroxidation in keratinocytes (Figure 5) and fibroblasts (Figure 6).
Activation of antioxidant defences Glutathione (GSH) is the main endogenous antioxidant peptide capable of neutralizing ROS. Holy basil polyphenols restored the stock of intracellular glutathione in fibroblasts depleted under the effect of oxidative stress induced by menadione. All these studies show that holy basil polyphenols have an antioxidant potential.
Protection of mitochondrial function Impaired mitochondrial functions - due to the sensitivity of mitochondrial DNA towards ROS - ultimately contribute to the ageing process, as do environmental factors such as UV and pollution.
Figure 8 : Analysis of cell bioenergetics (BBS+ method) in fibroblasts subjected to polluting stress. $p<0.05 ; $$ p<0.01 vs untreated control; *p<0.05; **p<0.01 vs pollutant – Student’s t test. Normal human dermal fibroblasts were incubated for 120 minutes in the presence of a mixture of urban pollutants standardized to 0.1% and holy basil polyphenols (HB) at 0.001% and 0.005% dm. Cell bioenergetics were evaluated by the BBS+ method (Bioenergetic Balance Screen Plus), consisting in multiplexed quantification of oxygen consumption and ATP production
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Stimulating cell bioenergetics Exposure of cells to the mixture of urban pollutants induced an impairment of mitochondrial function, resulting in a decrease in oxygen consumption and ATP levels (Figure 8). Under these conditions, holy basil polyphenols increased the rate of oxygen uptake in a dose-dependent manner, while stimulating ATP production.
June 2022 PERSONAL CARE
% vs Control
Peroxydated lipids (Arbitrary unit)
% vs Control
GSH (Arbytrary Unit)
Peroxydated lipids (Arbitrary unit)
Control Cumene 200µM Vit E 200µM HB 0.001% ms HB 0.005% ms
Control Cumene 50µM Vit E 200µM HB 0.001% ms HB 0.005% ms
Control
Menadione 25µg/ml
NAC 10mM HB 0.001% ms HB 0.005% ms
Control Pollutant HB 0.001% ms HB 0.005% ms
Control Pollutant HB 0.001% ms HB 0.005% ms
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