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SKIN CARE 41


Student’s t-test on paired samples. The assumptions were the randomness and normal distribution of the samples.


Study period


The study was conducted over a period of 7 days with measurements taken at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days post-treatment (final product application on Day 6). Volunteers were instructed how to apply the products to each half-face area, and products were applied morning and evening. Any adverse events were recorded.


Observations


l Expert assessment showed a statistically significant improvement in skin smoothness (p=0.004) after 1-hour application (Table 2).


l Chromameter measurements for skin radiance (L* value for brightness) also demonstrated a significant improvement after 1hour application. (p=0.05). Findings revealed that within 1-hour post application of fermented colloidal oatmeal versus the control product, a statistically significant effect on skin surface roughness and smoothness. l In the volunteer assessments, differences were also observed between the test products, with significance in the data seen at 1-hour post-application (p=0.066). Figure 6 highlights the key attributes highlighted by volunteers at 1 hour and 24 hours post treatment. Both products under test were well tolerated with no adverse events.


Closing remarks and future perspectives From these initial observations it is clear that the fermented oat product aurafirm has positive attributes on a number of skin parameters relating to barrier improvement, skin radiance and smoothness. It has also been seen that aurafirm has prebiotic activity.


The continuing challenge is to define whether the positive effects are due to aurafirm acting as a prebiotic resulting in microbiome benefits, or due to the properties of oat molecules acting on the skin in their own right. It is possible that the activity is due to a synergistic effect of both processes. Further studies are warranted to gain a clearer insight into the widening knowledge base of the beneficial effects of oats on the skin and its microbiome.


PC


References 1. Reynertson KA, Garay M, et al. Anti-


inflammatory activities of colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) contribute to the effectiveness of oats in treatment of itch associated with dry, irritated skin. J. Drugs Dermatol. 2015; 14(1): 43-8.


2. Aries M, Vaissiere C, et al. Avena rhealba June 2018


Table 1: Composition of aurafirm aurafirm


Total sugar enzyme Starch


Kjeldhahl nitrogen Kjeldhahl protein


Moisture at 102 deg C Ash at 525 deg C Crude fat pH


Beta glucan Organic acids (AHA)


Of which Acetic acid Lactic acid


Succinic acid Glycolic acid Propanoic acid


Average Values <0.4g/100g 4.50g/100g 0.34/100g 2.10/100g 87.90/100g 0.29/100g 0.10/100g 3.97/100g 0.67/100ml 5600mg/kg


3%


82% 3% 9% 3%


inhibits arachidonic acid cascade, CPLA2 and COX expression in human keratinocytes. Interest in cutaneous inflammatory disorders. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2003; 121(1):1-4.


3. Yang J, Ou B et al. In vitro total antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of three common oat-derived avenanthramides. Food Chem. 2014;160: 338-45.


4. Saeed S, Butt N, et al. Inhibitor(s) of prostaglandin biosynthesis in extracts of oat (Avena sativa) seeds. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1981; 9: 444.


5. Guo W, Wise M, et al. Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, inhibit IL-1beta- induced NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2008; 44: 415–429.


6. Byrd A, Belkaid Y, Segre J. The human skin microbiome. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2018; 16: 143-155.


7. Prescott S, Larcombe D, Logan A et al. The skin microbiome: impact of modern environments on skin ecology, barrier integrity, and systemic immune programming. World Allergy Organ. J. 2017; 10: 29-45


8. Al-Ghazzewi F, Tester R. Impact of prebiotics and probiotics on skin, Benef. Microbes. 2014; 5(2):99-107 8a. Egawa M, Oguri , Kuwahara T, Takahashi M. Effect of exposure of human skin to a dry environment. Skin Res. Technol. 2002; 8(4):212-8


9. Connolly ML et al. Wholegrain oat-based cereals have prebiotic potential and low glycaemic index, British Journal of Nutrition 2012; 108(12): 2198-2206


10. Lovegrove JA, et al. In vitro evaluation of the microbiota modulation abilities of different sized whole oat grain flakes, Anaerobe 2010; 6(5):483-488


11.Wollina U. Microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 2017; 10:51- 56.


12. Baker B. The role of microorganisms in atopic dermatitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2006;144: 1–9 13. Johansson C, Eshagi H, Linder M et al. Positive


atopy patch test reaction to Malassezia furfur in atopic dermatitis correlates with a T helper 2- like peripheral blood mononuclear cell response, J. Invest. Dermatol. 2002; 118:1044– 51


14. Shibagaki N, Suda W Clavaud C, et al. Aging- related changes in the diversity of women’s skin microbiome’s associated with oral bacteria, Scientific Reports 2017; 7: 10567 doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10834-9


15. Kurtz E, Wallo W. Colloidal oatmeal: history, chemistry and clinical properties. J. Drugs Dermatol. 2007; 6(2):167–170


16. Paton D. Oat starch. I. Extraction, purification and pasting properties. Staerke 1977; 29:149-153.


17.Wood P. Oat β-glucan: structure location and properties. In: Webster FH, ed. Oats: Chemistry and Technology. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc. 121-152, 1986.


18.Aman P, Hesselman K. Analysis of starch and other main constituents of cereal grains. Swedish J. Agric Res. 1984;14:135-139.


19. Daybell J, Maunsell C, Callaghan T. Comprehensive Skin Barrier Protection: Colloidal Oatmeal. Personal Care Europe. 2017; 11(2):85-90


20. Maunsell C, et al. Novel Cereal Products, Production and Use thereof, and Cosmetic Formulations containing them, (Patent Filed: Finland: FI124441 , EU EP2548448, US 2013/0022562), 2011.


21.Sur R, Nigam A, Grote D, et al. Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity. Arch Dermatol Res. 2008; 300: 569-574.


22.Marco Wolf, Woresan GmbH, Hauptstrasse 56 B30916 Isernhagen FB Woresan 2018


23.Marco Wolf, Woresan GmbH, Hauptstrasse 56 B30916 Isernhagen FB Woresan 2018


24. Fowler J, Nebus J et al. Colloidal Oatmeal Formulations as Adjunct Treatments in Atopic Dermatitis. J. Drugs Dermatol. 2012; 11(7): 804-807.


25.Masson P. Some histological methods. Trichrome staining’s and their preliminary technique. J. Tech. Meth. 1929; 12: 75–90


26. Engebretsen K, Bandier J, Kezic S, et al. Concentration of filaggrin monomers, its metabolites and corneocyte surface texture in individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis and controls. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2018; doi: 10.1111/jdv.14801.


27. Hon K, Leung A, Barankin B. Barrier repair therapy in atopic dermatitis: An overview. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2013;14:389-99.


28.Thueson D, Chan E, Oechsli L, Hahn G. The roles of pH and concentration in lactic acid- induced stimulation of epidermal turnover. Dermatol. Surg. 1998; 24(6):641-5.


Note: aurafirm is a Trade Mark of Oat Cosmetics Ltd. Acknowledgement


The authors would like to thank Woresan GmbH for the fermentation processing and microbial analyses.


PERSONAL CARE EUROPE


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