Chapter 1 GLOBAL GENDER AND ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK Chapter 4:
Chapter 2
• demonstrating the benefits of gender mainstream- ing in measures aimed at biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of the components of biodiversity, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources.
The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has mainstreamed gender issues since its inception. Its prologue emphasizes the central role women play in regions affected by desertification and/or drought, particularly in rural areas of developing countries, and the importance of ensuring full participation by women and men at all levels in programmes to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought. UNCCD National Action Programmes provide for effective participation at the local, national and regional levels by NGOs and local populations, both women and men (particularly resource users, farmers, pastoralists and their representative organizations), in policy planning, decision-making, implementation and review. The 2011 UNCCD Advocacy Policy Framework on Gender affirms the necessity of full participation by local people, especially women, so that efforts to combat desertification can be most effective. It contains 20 time-bound targets for taking action to mainstream gender in terms of policy, organization, constituency and delivery.
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The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN- FCCC) first addressed gender in 2001 at COP7, when it mandated that national adaptation programmes of action should be guided by gender equality. COP13 in Bali, Indonesia, in 2007 saw the launch of groups such as the Women for Climate Justice Network and the Global Gender and Climate Alliance. Supported by the advocacy of these and other groups, COP18 in Doha, Qatar, in 2012 adopted a decision to promote the goal of gender balance in bodies of (and delegations to) the UNFCCC, and to include gender and climate change as a standing item on the COP agenda. Since then the UNFCCC Secretariat has tracked gender balance in UN- FCCC constituted bodies and at relevant meetings. At COP20 in Lima, Peru, in 2014, the UNFCCC called for an action plan to develop a two-year programme on gender (the Lima Work Programme on Gender). This work programme included mapping of decisions and conclusions on gender and climate change adopted under the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol, in order to identify areas of progress, potential gaps, and areas where further support and greater collaboration are needed (UNFCCC 2015).
In late 2015 the UNFCCC Paris Agreement recognized the intersection of climate change and gender equal- ity, empowerment of women, and realization of their rights:
Acknowledging that climate change is a common con- cern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communi- ties, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and peo- ple in vulnerable situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity”. UNFCCC (2015).
During the 2015 Conferences of the Parties to the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions, commitments were made on mainstreaming gender within the Secre- tariat (including a “gender parity pledge”) and on pro- grammatic mainstreaming of gender issues in Secretariat training activities, projects and programmes (BRS, n.d.). The main gender focus in these Conventions is on the impact of poor management of hazardous chemicals and wastes on vulnerable groups, including women and young children. There is now greater recognition of the links between gender, poverty, and hazardous chemicals and wastes, as well as of the profound significance the gender/poverty nexus can have for both sensitivity and exposure over time – and thus on economic, social and environmental well-being.
In September 2015 world leaders committed to the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development, in which
Marching through central Oslo, Norway, to support action on global climate change, September 21, 2014. Photo credit: © Ryan Rodrick Beiler/
shutterstock.com
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