2.7. IN A HIGHLY CONNECTED AND CHANGING WORLD: CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES


Acknowledging the significance of UNSCR 1325 in different parts of the world. Photo credits left to right: © Femmes Africa Solidarité, MIFTAH


often fail to address the specific challenges faced by women in regard to their access and use of natural resources and therefore do not capitalize on related opportunities.


The gap between policy commitments and financial commitments to gender is especially pronounced in the area of peace and security. A decade and a half after adoption of the landmark UNSCR 1325 in 2000, which represents a significant turning point in that it makes concrete at the policy level that gender needs to be taken into account in addressing conflict resolution and peacebuilding stronger political support at the international level has led to some improvements in financial commitments (Fröhlich and Gioli 2015). However, the amounts of aid targeting gender equality in the peace and security sector remain low at an average of only US$500 million per year since 2002. In 2012-13 only 2% of aid to peace and security in fragile states targeted gender equality as a principal objective (OECD 2015).


Health


Women and men have different roles and responsibilities that shape their interactions with, risks from, and control over their environment. Their biological and physiological differentiation creates gender-differentiated risks for reproductive health in particular. For example, pregnant women are especially susceptible to malaria-carrying mosquitoes; this puts them at particular risk in the context of the global temperature rises expected as a result of climate change, which are also expected to lead to shifts in water-borne and vector-borne diseases.


Environmental degradation is associated with myriad physical heath problems, many of them gender- differentiated. Although less studied, poor mental health is consistently associated with environmental degradation across a range of settings, typically manifested in elevated rates of depression and suicide (Fearnley et al. 2014; Speldewinde et al. 2011).


Box 2.7.1: UN Security Council Resolution 1325: Women, Peace and Security


UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security was adopted in October 2000, the first time the UN directly addressed the subject of women in armed conflict despite gender mainstreaming being official UN policy since 1997. It provides a useful example of how gender and environmental responsiveness engages with the cultural, socio-political and technical domains of policy change. Resolution 1325 shifts the rhetoric away from women’s vulnerability to recognizing their contributions to peacebuilding and conflict prevention; it formally recognizes women’s rights to participate in decision-making at all levels and calls for a commitment to a gender perspective and gender mainstreaming in conflict, peacebuilding and post-conflict domains.


Source: Cohn (2008) 179


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180  |  Page 181  |  Page 182  |  Page 183  |  Page 184  |  Page 185  |  Page 186  |  Page 187  |  Page 188  |  Page 189  |  Page 190  |  Page 191  |  Page 192  |  Page 193  |  Page 194  |  Page 195  |  Page 196  |  Page 197  |  Page 198  |  Page 199  |  Page 200  |  Page 201  |  Page 202  |  Page 203  |  Page 204  |  Page 205  |  Page 206  |  Page 207  |  Page 208  |  Page 209  |  Page 210  |  Page 211  |  Page 212  |  Page 213  |  Page 214  |  Page 215  |  Page 216  |  Page 217  |  Page 218  |  Page 219  |  Page 220  |  Page 221  |  Page 222  |  Page 223  |  Page 224  |  Page 225  |  Page 226  |  Page 227  |  Page 228  |  Page 229  |  Page 230  |  Page 231  |  Page 232  |  Page 233  |  Page 234  |  Page 235  |  Page 236  |  Page 237  |  Page 238  |  Page 239  |  Page 240  |  Page 241  |  Page 242