SCP


Cross-cut Chapter 3 GLOBAL GENDER AND ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK Food Fish Chapter 1


take a leading role (UNEP 2015b). The emerging focus on developing a “green economy” (UNEP 2011b) provides an opportunity to address both environmental degradation and gender discrimination within economic frameworks. Without gender-informed guidance and policy intervention, however, a greener economy will do little to relieve gender inequalities and could exacerbate them to the detriment of overall sustainability (ILO 2015; Stevens 2012; ENERGIA et al. 2011). As workers, women will be excluded from green economy growth due to gender-segregated employment patterns and discrimination. As consumers they are more likely than men to buy eco-friendly products but have limited purchasing power. As citizens, women are crucial to good governance in the green economy but have little influence since very few women have management positions in both the public and private sectors (Stevens 2012).


Chapter 4: Water Forest Energy Chapter 2


Estimates suggest that about 75% of green jobs will be related to renewable energy and green buildings (Stevens 2012). In 2012 the International Trade Union Confederation estimated that almost 50 million green jobs could be created worldwide in five years; however, most were expected to be in construction and manufacturing, sectors that employ few women and are characterized as “non-traditional” for


women (ITUC 2012; 2009). Although occupations that have traditionally been female-dominated (e.g. secretaries, teachers, nurses and household help) may be “greened”, they are often not regarded as a core component of job creation in the green economy agenda. To the extent that greening the economy is still framed by conventional notions of the economy, greening will not alleviate gender inequality.


The agriculture and forestry sectors are likely to be major beneficiaries of the transition to a low-carbon economy and the source of at least 2 million green jobs in, for example, organic agriculture, biofuels and forest conservation (Stevens 2012). Here, too, women are a small minority of the formal workforce and receive only a minute share of training, credit, and access to services.


Greening economies can offer new opportunities to promote gender equality. Integral to the greening of the economy is a shift from providing products (“lightbulbs”) to providing services (“light”) (UNEP 2015a). At that point of conceptual and material shift, community organizing and collective action (areas in which women have long been agents of change) become central to sustainability and gender equality.


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