Figure 2.6.3: Participation of women and men in forest user groups (FUGs) ............................................... 159 Figure 2.6.4: REDD+ and gender and REDD+ readiness preparation analysis ................................................ 165 Figure 2.7.1: The world conflict map: active armed conflicts in March 2016 ............................................... 177 Figure 3.1: Figure 3.2: Figure 4.1: Figure 4.2:


The 17 Sustainable Development Goals .................................................................................. 189 Time spent per day on unpaid care work, by gender and region. ............................................ 199 The environment affects women and men differently due to gender inequality ...................... 208


Heads of national environmental sector ministries in UN Member States (women and men) in 2015.......................................................................................................................... 210


List of Figures Table 2.1:


Contribution of environmental factors to human health, 2012 ............................................... 24


Table 2.1.1: Estimated increases in crop production, GDP, and number of people lifted out of poverty that could be obtained by closing the gender gap in Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda ... 30


Table 2.1.2: Percent of adults in the United States who experienced food insecurity for themselves or their families (in the previous year), by sexual orientation, 2012 ....................... 32


Table 2.2.1: Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from diarrhoea due to poor water and sanitation ........................................................................................................................ 61


Table 2.2.2: Ranking by women of their access to different types of urban infrastructure ........................... 66 Table 2.2.3: Percentage of governments “regularly” producing gender-disaggregated statistics in different areas ........................................................................................................................ 70


Table 2.4.1: Fertility disorders are increasing in industrialized societies, many of which are associated with chemical exposures. ...................................................................................... 108


Table 2.5.1: Global profile of small-and large-scale fisheries ....................................................................... 133 Table 2.5.2: Percentage of sewage treated, by region ............................................................................... 138 Table 2.5.3: Countries most vulnerable to food security threats from ocean acidification............................ 143 Table 2.6.1: Common non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and their uses ................................................... 152 Table 2.6.2: Number of women in small-scale mining in selected countries ............................................... 156 Table 3.1: Women’s representation in governments as of 1 May 2016 ................................................... 197


List of Boxes Box 2.1:


Box 2.1.1: Box 2.1.2: Box 2.1.3. Box 2.1.4: Box 2.1.5: Box 2.1.6: Box 2.1.7: Box 2.1.8: Box 2.1.9:


Gender statistics ..................................................................................................................... 26 Micronutrients and food security ............................................................................................ 32 Gender-disaggregated experiences of food insecurity within households in Bangladesh ......... 33 Subsistence farming and fishery tasks are essential to many households’ livelihoods ............... 34 Using mobile phones to share information useful to farmer .................................................... 36 Application of pesticides ......................................................................................................... 38 Pesticides in breast milk .......................................................................................................... 39 Suicides and intentional poisoning using pesticides ................................................................. 39 Gender differences in perceptions of GM foods ...................................................................... 40 Gendered views on animal rights ............................................................................................ 41


Box 2.1.10: Organic farming results in good productivity ........................................................................... 43 Box 2.1.11: Key drivers of global food production and insecurity ............................................................... 44 Box 2.2.1: Box 2.2.2: Box 2.2.3: Box 2.3.1: Box 2.3.2:


Involving women in water and sanitation management at the local level in Kyrgyzstan ........... 56 Sexual assault while collecting water and firewood ................................................................ 60 Health and environmental concerns about fracking ................................................................ 63 Gender aspects of energy policies in Kenya ............................................................................. 85 The Clean Energy Education and Empowerment Initiative ....................................................... 86


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