niqab (facial veil). It is estimated that, of the 5 million Muslims living in France, only 2,000 women wore the niqab. Although the bill had overwhelming public support, many stated that the ban shows a fear and intolerance of those who are different.


: Fig. 3.19 An Educate Together school ACTIVE LEARNING


1. Explain the following terms: ethnicity, race.


2. Explain how issues can arise for migrants of different ethnicities or race in their host country.


3. What is meant by the term racism?


4. What measures, do you think, should the Irish government take to prevent racist attitudes from developing?


l Education: Much of the Irish education system is under the trusteeship of the Catholic Church, which some view as an issue with regard to the integration of immigrant children into the Irish education system. Te Equal Status Act of 2000 allowed schools to offer first preference places to children whose religions were in line with the school ethos. As the State is legally obliged to provide education for all children under the age of 16, to date 81 multi-denominational schools known as Educate Together schools have been established in order to ensure that the future needs of Irish families are met.


GEO DICTIONARY


Niqab: a veil worn by some Muslim women in public, which covers all parts of the face except the eyes


Trusteeship: control or administration of a building or service Ethos: a spirit or cultural belief that is shown through practices or community Multi-denominational: multiple religions


Educate Together: schools where children are educated together, irrespective of their social, cultural or religious backgrounds


3.7 Rural–Urban Migration:


Developed World Rural–urban migration refers to the movement of people from the countryside to cities and towns. This has occurred in the developed world since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, as people began to move to cities in large numbers in search of work.


Rural–urban migration has two main effects: l


l


Urban sprawl occurs as the population of cities increases 55 per cent of the world’s population now live in urban areas.


84


ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT


A


Z


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