INDEX


rundale system 115 rural depopulation 72, 73, 116 rural land use 149 rural planning 116–17 rural settlement patterns 114–15 rural–urban migration 172 in Brazil 87–9 in Ireland 24, 86–7


Rwanda 17 S


Sahel region birth rates 44 climate change 43–4 conflict 47–8 deforestation 46 desertification 40 drought 43, 44 drought-resistant grasses 49 economic poverty 44 environmental degradation 46–7 famine 43 fertility rate 45 low carrying capacity 42 migration 47–8 natural resources, overuse and depletion 45–6 overcropping 46 overgrazing 45–6 overpopulation 42–9 population 6, 7, 42, 44–5 poverty and population 52 refugees 45


rising cereal prices 44 seasonal rains 43, 44


salad bowl, definition 84 São Paulo 40, 87, 88, 173–5 Saudi Arabia 50 Savannah, definition 42 sedentary farming 46 Seine Valley 30 settlement 96


distribution and density 113 functions of 106 historic era 99–101 new towns: 1960 onwards 101–2 prehistoric settlement 96–7 site 103 situation 104


shanty towns 172, 174–5 Skellig Michael 99 smog 163 social stratification 138, 140–2, 144–5 society, influence on overpopulation 49–50 socio-economic conditions 8–9 soils, and population density 6 souterrain 98 South Africa 18, 58–9 specialist machinery 56 standard of living 11, 12, 20


stereotype, definition 82 sub-Saharan countries 11, 17, 20, 52 suburbanisation 116 Sudan 44, 47–8 surplus 57


sustainable cities 175–7 Sweden 7 Syria 8, 69–70, 79, 80–1


T Tallaght: A New Town 168 threshold 110, 111 togher 98 tourism, and the Mediterranean Coast 29 traffic congestion 87, 94, 147–8, 155, 161–3, 172, 174–6, 185 in Dublin 164–5


trusteeship 84 túath 98


U


underpass 163 underpopulation 41, 42 United Arab Emirates 18 United States 7, 9 urban decay 147, 165–6 urban hierarchy 110, 111 urban land use commercial 134–5 industrial 135


recreational land use 137 residential 135–6 transport 136


urban land use theories Theory 1: Concentric Zone Model 139–40 Theory 2: Sector Model Theory 140–1 Theory 3: Multiple Nuclei Theory 141–2


urban planning 134, 166 urban redevelopment 166 urban renewal 137, 166, 167 urban sprawl 29, 86–7, 157–8 in Ireland 159–61


V Viking Settlement 800–1169 CE 99


W waste disposal 173 water 59, 170 Westport 119 women


access to education 48, 49 in India 51–2


Wright Report (1967) 168 Z


Zambia 11 zone of transition 139 zoning 134


INDEX 187


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180  |  Page 181  |  Page 182  |  Page 183  |  Page 184  |  Page 185  |  Page 186  |  Page 187  |  Page 188  |  Page 189  |  Page 190  |  Page 191  |  Page 192  |  Page 193  |  Page 194